Transcript Web page - Computer and Information Science

Browser Basics
Tutorial 2
• Introduction to Microsoft Internet Explorer
Objectives
• Learn how Web browser software displays Web pages.
• Learn how Web page addresses are constructed.
• Learn the main functions common to all Web browsers.
• Configure and use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Web
browser to navigate the Web.
• Save and organize Web addresses using IE
• Save Web page text and graphics using Internet Explorer.
Structure
of the Web
Client/Server Structure of the Web
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Client/Server Structure of
the World Wide Web
• On the Internet, your computer becomes a
Web client in a worldwide client/server
network.
• Web browser: (client software) software
that runs on your computer to make it a
Web client.
• Web servers: Computers connected to
the Internet that contain files their owners
have made available publicly through their
Internet connections.
Browser
• Accesses server
• Retrieves HTML document using HTTP
• Displays the page in a window on your
screen
• May I assume you’ve done this?
• Look at our syllabus, references, links,
unixlinx
Hypertext, Links, and
Hypermedia
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard language used on
the Web.
• HTML uses codes (tags) to tell the Web browser software how to
display text.
• HTML anchor tag: enables Web designers to link HTML documents
to each other.
• Hypertext links: can connect HTML documents together; can also
connect one part of HTML document to another part.
• Hypermedia links: hyperlinks that connect to computer files that
contain pictures, graphics, and media objects such as sound and
video clips.
Hypertext, Links, and
Hypermedia
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Web Site Organization
• When a Web browser displays an HTML
document, it is often referred to as a Web
page.
• A collection of linked Web pages with a
common theme is called a Web site.
• The main page that all of the other pages
on the Web site are organized around
(and link back to) is called the site’s home
page.
Addresses on the Web
• Internet Protocol Address (IP): unique
id number given to each computer on
the Internet.
– 4 8-bit numbers (called octet in networking)
separated by dots. Each is 0-255 or 0 to
28-1.
• Domain Name: unique name
associated with specific IP address by a
program that runs on an Internet host
computer.
Addresses on the Web
• Domain Name Software (DNS)
coordinates IP addresses and domain
names.
• Domain name server: the host
computer that runs DNS software.
• The last part of domain name is called
its top-level domain (TLD). New ones
Common Top Level Domains
(TLDs)
Uniform Resource Locator
•Unique address of each webpage
•Domain name of computer on which file
resides.
•Path of folder or directory on computer
on which file resides.May not need it if
the file is in the publc_html directory.
•Filename name of file. index.html is the
default.
Uniform Resource Locator
how://
where/
what
protocol:// domain/
file
optional path
default is index.html
DOS and Windows use \. URLs use /.
Main Elements of Web
Browsers
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Title Bar
Scroll Bars
Status Bar
Menu Bar
Page Tab (IE plans for future)
Standard Buttons Toolbar
Main Elements of Internet
Explorer Program Window
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Starting Microsoft
Internet Explorer
• Click Start on the taskbar, point to All Programs,
click Internet Explorer. Or icon on desktop.
• The Standard Buttons toolbar has buttons
that execute frequently used commands.
Standard Buttons
• Use the Refresh button in IE to load the
same Web page that appears in the
browser window again.
• Use the Stop button to halt the Web page
transfer from the server.
Homepage
• The Home button on the Standard
Buttons toolbar displays the home (or
start) page (first page that opens when
you start your browser).
• Another use of same term
• You can set your homepage. Tools.
Internet options. Many use Google.
Microsoft
Internet Explorer
• The status bar at the
bottom of the window
includes several
panels that give you
information about
Internet Explorer’s
operations.
– Transfer progress
report & graphical
transfer progress
indicator.
– Security zone.
Entering a URL in the
Address Bar
• Click at end of current text in the Address
bar, then delete any unnecessary or
unwanted text from the displayed URL.
• Type the URL of the location to which you
want to go.
• Press the Enter key (or Go) to load the
URL’s Web page in the browser window.
Hyperlink Navigation
Using the Mouse
Easiest way to move from one Web page to
another is to use the mouse to click
hyperlinks:
– Click the hyperlink
– When you’re finished, right-click the new Web
page’s background
– Click Back on the shortcut menu
Shortcut Menu
• Right click is often convenient. Brings up
contextual shortcut menu.
Favorites
• The Favorites List lets you store and
organize a list of Web pages that you have
visited so you can return to them easily.
• You can create folders in which to store
your favorites.
• You can easily organize your folders in a
hierarchical structure even after you have
stored them.
Returning to Web Pages
Previously Visited
• Favorites
• The Back and Forward buttons on the Standard
Buttons toolbar and the Back and Forward options on
the shortcut menu enable you to move to and from
previously visited pages.
• To see where you have been during a session, you can
open the history list by clicking on the History button on
the Standards Buttons toolbar.
Finding Information on the
Web
• Web Search Engines: Web pages that
conduct searches of the Web to find words
or expressions you enter.
• Web Directory: a Web page that contains
a list of Web page categories like
education or recreation. Can narrow the
results returned for a particular search.
• Web directory editors categorize the
Web pages.
Cookies
• A small file that a Web server writes to the
disk of the client computer.
• Can contain information about the user
such as login names and passwords.
• Assists in performing functions such as
automatic login.
• User is often unaware that the files are
being written to the computer’s disk drive.
Saving Web Pages
• You can save copies of most Web pages
as files that you can store on your
computer’s hard disk, floppy disk, etc.
• Some Web pages are written to make
copying difficult or impossible.
Save a Web Page
• You can save entire Web pages, selected
portions of Web page text, or particular
graphics from a Web page to a disk.
• You can save portions of Web page text so
you can use it in other programs.
• You can save a graphic from a Web page
by right-clicking on the picture and clicking
Save Picture As.
Reproducing Web Pages and
Copyright Law
• Laws that govern the use of photocopies, audio
or video recordings, and other reproductions of
authors’ original work.
• Legal right of the author or other owner of an
original work to control reproduction, distribution
and sale of that work.
• Comes into existence as soon as the work is
placed into tangible form.
Reproducing Web Pages and
Copyright Law
• Exists even if the work does not contain a
copyright notice.
• Fair use is a provision that allows
students to use limited amounts of
copyrighted information in term papers
and other reports in an academic setting.
Source must always be cited.
Reproducing Web Pages and
Copyright Law
• Commercial use of copyright is more
restricted.
• Obtain permission from copyright holder
before using anything you copy from a
Web page.
Printing a Web Page
• The Print button on the Standard Buttons toolbar
and the Print option on the File menu let you print
the current Web frame (right-click inside the frame)
or page.
• Print option lets you select some text.
• When printing long Web pages, reduce the font size
of the Web pages before you print them.
• To preview pages before you print them, select Print
Preview from the File menu.
Checking Web Page Security
• You can check some of the security elements of a Web
page by clicking File, Properties, and then the
Certificates button.
• Internet Explorer will display security information for the
page that appears in the browser window to advise you
of the overall security of the page.
• Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data
transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who
intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet
will be able to decode and read the page’s contents.
• A padlock symbol appears in the status bar when
Internet Explorer loads an encrypted Web page.
Getting Help in Internet Explorer
Summary
• Web pages and Web sites make up the
World Wide Web.
• The Web uses a client/server structure in
which Web server computers make Web
page files available to Web client
computers that are running Web browser
software.
Summary
• Each server computer on the Internet has
an IP address that is mapped to a domain
name.
• The protocol, domain name, path, and
Web page filename make up the Uniform
Resource Locator (URL). Last 2 are
optional.
Summary
• Web browsers display Web pages and
maintain a history list that can be used to
find pages previously visited.
• Copyright exists even if the work does not
contain a copyright notice.
Summary
• Web browsers allow users to print and
save Web pages and elements of Web
pages.
• All Web browsers have the same basic
elements and can be used to explore the
Web in similar ways.