Transcript History

The Discovery
of Man?
Coming
Together
Evidence
Better
Mousetrap?
The Discovery of Man?
Lucy’s was the most
nearly complete skeleton
of any erect-walking prehuman found up that
time.
They lived in the
humid forests of
eastern and
southern Africa.
[Image source:
http://www.toyen.uio.no/human/australopithecus.htm]
History - the story of mankind is divided into two time periods:
Circa 5,500
years ago
Pre-history
History
The period of
The period during
history before
which people left
people recorded written records of
events in writing.
their activities.
Evidence
• Anthropologists use
scientific techniques in order
to decipher evidence.
Archaeologists
Paleontologists
are scientists
are scientists
who study
who study
earlier peoples
fossil remains.
and cultures.
The discipline of Anthropology
can be divided into two fields:
Physical
Compare bones and
other fossil remains
looking for changes
in such features as
the brain and posture.
Cultural
Study artifacts
and cultural
characteristics
of humans and
their ancestors.
• Radio Carbon Dating - a modern
scientific method for telling the age of onceliving material by measuring the amount of
radioactive carbon remaining in it.
Language
(Source: Scientific American, March 1990, p. 111.)
made it
possible for
the older
generation
to pass its
culture on to
younger
generations.
The period in history before the
advent of writing when people first
learned to fashion tools out of stone
is known as the Stone Age.
Circa 5,500
years ago
Pre-history
Stone Age
2.5 m.y.a
History
12,000 B.C.
8,000 B.C.
Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic
Old Stone Age
Middle
Stone Age
New Stone Age
Coming Together
Neanderthals
were probably
the first Homo
sapiens.
Neanderthals
had stocky
bodies with
thick bones
and very
muscular
necks and
shoulders.
Neanderthals had
brains that were
slightly larger than
those of modern
human beings.
Neanderthals lived in small groups of 35 to 50 people
wore, heavy clothing made from animal skins to stay
warm, built shelters out of branches and bones, and
believed in an afterlife..
Better Mousetrap?
The earliest Homo
sapiens sapiens in
Europe were called
Cro-Magnons.
Similar remains have been
found in Africa and Asia.
Cro-Magnon
man had
better
technology
and a more
sophisticated
culture.
[Image source: http://museums.ncl.ac.uk/flint/kit.html]
[Image source: http://museums.ncl.ac.uk/flint/shamact.html]
Cro-Magnons survived by using
effective hunting techniques . . .
[Image source: http://www.gripclips.com/primitiveways/rock-art.html]
Cro-Magon
hunters
invented longdistance
weapons, such
as the
atlatland Bow
& Arrow
Co-operation in big game hunts
probably led to the development
of rules and social classes.
[Image source: http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/prehistory/ancienttech/communal_trapping.html]
Neolithic
Revolution
People domesticated animals for
human purposes. They were used
for food, clothing, and work.
[Image source: http://museum.agropolis.fr/pages/expos/fresque/carte_domestication.htm]
The Agricultural Revolution
occurred when Neolithic peoples
domesticated a variety of wild
plants and grew them for food.
[Image source:http://museum.agropolis.fr/pages/expos/fresque/carte_agriculture.htm]
[Image source: http://museum.agropolis.fr/pages/expos/fresque/zm_mod5a.htm]
The steady supply
of food allowed
people to become
sedentary, but they
had to work harder
and longer than
hunters and
gatherers.
Villages began to develop where
there was fertile soil and water.
The invention of the plow
by Neolithic farmers made
work both easier while
increasing production.
[Image source: http://museum.agropolis.fr/pages/expos/fresque/zm_mod7.htm]
The sickle made
it possible for
one person to
harvest large
quantities of
grain by
themselves.
[Image source: http://museum.agropolis.fr/pages/expos/fresque/zm_mod7b.htm]
Other Agricultural Innovations
• Irrigation
1. Rain
2. Ditches
3. Canals
4. Dames &
Dikes
Long distance trade arose.
• Sparking an exchange of ideas and goods.
• Which led to innovations.
Using a kern, or grinding stone,
one person could prepare enough
flour for the baking-needs of an
entire family.
[Image source: http://museum.agropolis.fr/pages/expos/fresque/zm_mod7c.htm]
The ability
to harden
clay by
baking it
with heat
was a very
important
discovery.
[Image source: http://www.gripclips.com/primitiveways/pt-photo_gallery1.html]
[Image source: http://museum.agropolis.fr/pages/expos/fresque/zm_mod3.htm]
Ceramic
storage vessels
for storing
surplus food
were created
from clay that
had been fired
in kilns.
Rectangular bricks of fired clay
could also be used to construct
buildings.
Other technological advances
during the Neolithic Period:
• loom for weaving
• wheel
-transportation
-pottery
• metallurgy
• domestication of animals
The Economy
• Relied on
Specialization of
Labor
 Artisans –
Skilled Craft
Workers
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


Jewelry
Weapons
Utensils
Pots
Others?
Village to Cities
Village:
Population: 200
City:
Population: 5,000-30,000
The fabled city of Jericho started
as a village over 10,000 years ago.
Source: Military History Quarterly, volume I:3 (Spring 1989), p. 13.
Teamwork
Hierarchy
• Someone in charge
• Someone to interpret
• Someone to plan
• Someone to direct
• Someone to do the work
Things for Tomorrow
• Neolithic Revolution mostly finished draft
due.
• Quiz !!