Transcript ANTHROPOLOGY AND ART - UOI

ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΩΝ
ΑΝΟΙΚΤΑ ΑΚΑΔΗΜΑΪΚΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΑ
Εισαγωγή στην Ανθρωπολογία της
Τέχνης
Πολιτισμικές σπουδές (Cultural Studies) και
ανθρωπιστικές επιστήμες
(ANTHROPOLOGY AND ART)
Διδάσκων: Καθηγητής Χρήστος Α. Δερμεντζόπουλος
Άδειες Χρήσης
•
Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες
χρήσης Creative Commons.
•
Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που
υπόκειται σε άλλου τύπου άδειας χρήσης, η άδεια
χρήσης αναφέρεται ρητώς.
Chapter 15
Art
What We Will Learn
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How do anthropologists define the arts?
What are the various functions of art in
society?
How do music and dance reflect other
aspects of a culture?
Cross Cultural Definition of Art
Art Should ….
1. The artistic process should be creative, playful, and
enjoyable and need not be concerned with the
practicality or usefulness of the object being produced.
2. From the perspective of the consumer, art should
produce an emotional response.
3. Art should be transformational.
Cross Cultural Definition of Art
Art Should ….
4. Art should communicate information by being
representational.
5. Art implies that the artist has developed a certain level
of technical skill not shared equally by all people in a
society.
Arta
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This painting, Sea Swing, was one of many paintings by
artist Jonathan Green which was combined with dance
and music by the Columbia (SC) City Ballet in their
2005 performance entitled “Off the Wall and Onto the
Stage.”
Tattooing
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In parts of Polynesia,
full-body tattooing is
considered a
significant form of art.
Question
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According to the text, art should make a
symbolic statement about what is being
portrayed. In other words, art should
communicate information
a) by being technically skilled.
b) by being transformational.
c) by being creative.
d) by being representational.
Answer: d
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According to the text, art should make a
symbolic statement about what is being
portrayed. In other words, art should
communicate information: by being
representational.
Functions of Art
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Emotional Gratification for the Individual.
Contributes to Social Integration.
Social Control.
Preserving or Challenging the Status
Quo.
Art and Government
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This bronze head of
Lenin, the largest in the
world, located in the city
of Ulan-Ude, Russia, is a
piece of art
commissioned by the
communist government
to evoke positive feelings
about one of its founders.
Liberation Theater
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A type of theatrical production using high
levels of audience participation and aimed
at bringing about social change.
Question
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Quite apart from whatever benefits art may
have for the total society, it is generally agreed
that art is a source of ________ for both the
artist and the viewer.
a) Conversation.
b) Pride.
c) personal gratification.
d) Embarrassment.
Answer: c
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Quite apart from whatever benefits art
may have for the total society, it is
generally agreed that art is a source of
personal gratification for both the artist
and the viewer.
Graphic And Plastic Arts
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The Western notion of graphic and plastic
arts usually refers to painting, sculpture,
printmaking, and architecture.
The anthropological definition also
includes such art forms as weaving,
embroidery, tailoring, jewelry making, and
tattooing and other forms of body
decoration.
Utility and Art
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Art comes in many
forms, some
utilitarian, others not.
Here a man weaves
a rug in Rajasthan,
India.
Ethnomusicology
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Ethnomusicologists
would be interested
in studying both the
music of this
Ukrainian andura
player and how that
music reflects the
wider culture of which
it is a part.
Four Major Concerns of
Ethnomusicology
1.
Ideas about music
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How cultures distinguish between music
and nonmusic.
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The functions music has for the society.
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Whether music is seen as beneficial or
harmful to the society.
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What constitutes beautiful music?
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On what occasions should music be
played?
Four Major Concerns of
Ethnomusicology
2.
Social structure of music
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The social relationships between
musicians.
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How a society distinguishes between
musicians on the basis of age,
gender, race,ethnicity, or education.
Four Major Concerns of
Ethnomusicology
3.
Characteristics of music:
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How the style of music in different cultures
varies (scale, melody, harmony, timing).
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The different musical genres that are found
in a society (lullaby, sea chantey, hard rock,
and so on).
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The nature of musical texts (words).
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How music is composed.
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How music is learned and transmitted.
Four Major Concerns of
Ethnomusicology
4.
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Material culture of music:
The nature of the musical instruments
found in a culture.
Who makes musical instruments and
how are they distributed?
How are musical tastes reflected in
the instruments used?
Music: Egalitarian Societies
and Stratified Societies
Egalitarian Societies
Stratified Societies
Repetitious texts
Nonrepetitious texts
Slurred articulation
Precise articulation
Little solo singing
Solo singing
Wide melodic intervals
Narrow melodic intervals
Music: Egalitarian Societies
and Stratified Societies
Egalitarian Societies
Stratified Societies
Nonelaborate songs (no
embellishments)
Elaborate songs
(embellishments)
Few instruments
Singing in unison
Large number of
instruments
Singing in simultaneously
produced intervals
Functions of Dance
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Psychological – helping people cope
more effectively with tensions and
aggressive feelings.
Political - expressing political values and
attitudes, showing allegiance to political
leaders, and controlling behavior.
Functions of Dance
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Religiously – various methods of
communicating with supernatural forces.
Socially - articulating and reinforcing
relationships between members of the
society.
Educationally - passing on the cultural
traditions, values, and beliefs from one
generation to the next.
Capoeira
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A combination of
dance, martial arts,
and acrobatics
originating among
Brazilian slaves of
the sixteenth century.
Verbal Art
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Myths are stories of our search for significance,
meaning, and truth.
Legends are told as if they were true, but often
are only partially true or not at all true. They
attempt to explain the establishment of local
customs, the movement of populations from
one land to another, or the traits of folk heroes.
Folktales have no particular basis in history
and exist largely for the purpose of
entertainment.
Film
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The film Atanarjuat: The
Fast Runner, by Inuit
filmmaker Zacharias
Kunuk, was shown in
theaters around the
world and received the
award for “best first
feature film” at the
Cannes Film Festival in
2001.
Glass Art
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A sculpture entitled
“Wolf Crest Hat,” by
Preston Singletary, a
Native American
glass artist.
Τέλος Ενότητας
Χρηματοδότηση
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Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του
εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα.
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Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο Πανεπιστήμιο
Ιωαννίνων» έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο τη αναδιαμόρφωση του
εκπαιδευτικού υλικού.
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Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος
«Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από
την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από
εθνικούς πόρους.
Σημειώματα
Σημείωμα Ιστορικού Εκδόσεων
Έργου
Το παρόν έργο αποτελεί την έκδοση 1.0.
Έχουν προηγηθεί οι κάτωθι εκδόσεις:
•Έκδοση
1.0 διαθέσιμη εδώ.
http://ecourse.uoi.gr/course/view.php?id=1201.
Σημείωμα Αναφοράς
Copyright Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, Διδάσκων:
Καθηγητής Χρήστος Α. Δερμεντζόπουλος.
«Εισαγωγή στην Ανθρωπολογία της Τέχνης.
Πολιτισμικές σπουδές (Cultural Studies) και
ανθρωπιστικές επιστήμες, ANTHROPOLOGY
AND ART». Έκδοση: 1.0. Ιωάννινα 2014.
Διαθέσιμο από τη δικτυακή διεύθυνση:
http://ecourse.uoi.gr/course/view.php?id=1201.
Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης
•
Το παρόν υλικό διατίθεται με τους όρους της
άδειας χρήσης Creative Commons Αναφορά
Δημιουργού - Παρόμοια Διανομή, Διεθνής
Έκδοση 4.0 [1] ή μεταγενέστερη.
• [1] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.