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Genetics & Heredity Genetics and Heredity T/F Questions T The passing 1. _______ on of traits from parent to child is called heredity. Environmental influences are the surroundings that we are placed in. READ The Scenario: Sammy has brown eyes and is five years old. She attends a neighborhood preschool every day. Her teachers have fallen in love with her witty personality and honey-colored hair. She is very intelligent and does well with the tasks assigned to her. Sammy’s parents are divorced and she misses her father very much. Sammy has juvenile arthritis and must see the doctor often. At her last doctor’s visit, the doctor reminded Sammy’s mom that diabetes has run in her family for several generations and that Sammy should be watched closely for any early symptoms of diabetes. Sammy’s growth chart shows that she will probably be small for her age. 1. List the Heredity Influences in the above scenario: 2. List the Environmental Influences in the above scenario: T Genes carry 2. _______ inherited traits that are passed on from generations to generations. Hundreds of thousands of genes, which make up the traits of human beings, are carried on every chromosome. F 3. ________Heredity influences such personal aspects as eye color, personality, and food preference. Vision, height, weight, blood type, etc… T Dominant 4. _______ genes are stronger and more often shown while recessive genes are weaker and revealed less often. DOMINANT Brown hair Other Color hair Brown eyes Straight hair line Free Earlobes Roll Tongue Second finger shorter then the 4th T 5. _______ In the formation of a new individual where the genes are both Hitchhiker’s thumb recessive and RECESSIVE dominant, the Blonde hair dominant will Red hair Blue Eyes overpower. Widows peak Attached earlobes Can’t roll tongue Interlock hands and right thumb on top No hitchhiker’s thumb T 6. _______ It is possible that a dominant brown-eyed mother and a recessive blue-eyed father will have a brown-eyed child. Determine the chances of passing on a genetic trait in the following situation: The wife is blue-eyed and carries genes for blue eyes on both of the chromosome pairs. The husband is brown eyed and carries a gene for brown eyes on one of the pairs and a gene for blue eyes on he other one of the pairs. Complete the following grid to determine the chances for each of their children to be born with blue or brown eyes. B = dominant brown gene b = recessive blue gene -There is a _____________________ in four chance that the child will have brown eyes and carry a gene for blue eyes. -There is a _____________________ in four chance that the child will have blue eyes and carry genes for only blue eyes. Wife b Husband B Husband b Bb bb Wife b Bb bb T 7. _______ It is possible that a child can have recessive light colored hair even though both of his/her parents have dominant dark colored hair. Red Hair and blue –green eyes Recessive (weaker) genes will not produce the characteristic unless transmitted by both parents. F The 8. _______ female sex cell is the ovum with XY chromosomes and the male sex cell is the sperm with XX chromosomes. XX XY F Each 9. _______ sperm cell and ovum cell carries 23 chromosomes and when the ovum is fertilized, the sex cell equals 46 new eggs Chromosomes T 50% of 10. _______ the chromosomes come from the father, but he determines the sex of the child. XY Boy or XX Girl? F 11. _______ Twitterpation Conception is the union of an ovum and a sperm at the beginning of pregnancy. MULTIPLE BIRTHS 12. Fraternal twins – develop when more than one separate ovum (egg) are each fertilized by a sperm. 13. Identical Twins – develop when one ovum (egg) is fertilized by a sperm and then splits into two or more. Are the same sex TRIPLETS * Triplets can occur through several combinations. Three separate ovum could be released and fertilized. * Two ovum could be released, fertilized and then one ovum splits into separate embryo, resulting in a set of identical twins and one fraternal twin. * One ovum could split into two parts resulting in identical triplets 14. Conjoined Twins – develop when fertilized cells (identical twins) do not completely split apart before developing Beanie Baby’s First Portrait Complete the Genetic Gamble 1. Roll for your Baby’s gender Evens = Boy Odds = Girls 2. Roll for all characteristics Evens = Dominant or Capital Odds = Recessive or Lowercase - Person #1 Rolls a _______ = recessive or dominant - Person #2 Rolls a _______ = recessive or dominant - Based on the results of the 2 rolls, your baby has_____________ characteristics.