Transcript Genetic Variations PAGES 75-81 ACA DECA PRESENTATION

Genetic Variations
PAGES 75-81
ACA DECA PRESENTATION
Genetic Variations among Humans/
Transgenic and Genetically Modified Organism
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HGP sequences samples of the human genome
Humans share 99.9 of their nucleotides. The
.01 difference is what gives us our individuality.
Half of it from our mom and half from our dad
Its what forensics use to identify people just by
that .1
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Genetic modifications of multicellular
organisms
The gene can be transferred in the way of
microinjection, retrovirus, or transferring
embryonic stem cells
Humans have been trying to modify other
species for a long time.
Not just with animals or humans, but also
plants to increase agricultural production
EPIGENETICS
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Can genes be influenced by the environment?
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Chemicals that can modify genes are everywhere
in our life
Food, medicine, pollutants
The chemicals can mostly influence in two ways
DNA methylation
Histone modification
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DNA methylation
involves the addition of a methyl group(CH3) to
the back bone (phosphate-sugar)
• May interferes with protein
1. This is very bad
2. Histone
• Basic protein that wraps around and packages
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the DNA into chromosomes
Bind tight or too loose
Covers up and turns off or exposes and turns on
The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of
the HGP
Ethical
• The fair use of genetic information to prevent misinterpretation and misuse of
patients’ genome information
• The diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Legal
• The protection of using the information to deny employment or health
insurance
• The diagnosis and treatment of disease
Social
• The use of pre-implantation and prenatal genomic diagnosis and other
genomics-based reproductive technologies
• The fair distribution of benefits derived from the genome research
What happens next??
Questions?