Transcript The respiratory system

THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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CELLS, CELLULAR RESPIRATION, DISEASES AND CURES
ALESSANDRO BIESUZ, DAVIDE CORRADIN, SAMUELE D’ASSERO BIESUZ, ANDREA SIVIERO
2L LICEO DELLE SCIENZE APPLICATE
2014 – 2015
CLIL PROJECT
PROFF. ROSSELLA COPPOLA (SCIENZE), STEFANO PARISI (INGLESE)
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THE CELLS OF THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
DAVIDE CORRADIN
The Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a biological system
consisting in specific organs and structures used for
the process of respiration in an organism. The
respiratory system is involved in the intake and
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an
organism and the environment.
The respiration takes place in the respiratory organs
called lungs. The passage of air into the lungs to
supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation
and the passage of air out of the lungs to expel
carbon dioxide is known as exhalation.
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The structure of the respiratory system
In humans and other mammals, the
anatomical
features
of
the
respiratory system include trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and
diaphragm. Molecules of oxygen
and carbon dioxide are passively
exchanged, by diffusion, between
the gaseous external environment
and the blood. This exchange
process occurs in the alveoli air
sacs in the lungs.
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The pulmonary alveoli
The
pulmonary
alveoli
(alveolus, sing) are the basic
cells of the lungs. Each alveolus
is formed by two different types
of specialized cells. These cells
are easily crossed by gases and
that is why the exchange
between blood and air is quite
simple.
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Structure of the pulmonary alveoli
Each alveolus is formed by
a layer of epithelium
formed from two different
cells (I and II type cells).
Most of the alveolar
epithelium is formed by
cells of type I.
In the alveoli there are also
immune cells.
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THE CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
SAMUELE D’ASSERO
•The
cellular respiration is a
part
of
the
lungs
respiration.
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photosyntesis
•The
cellular respiration
happens in mithocondrius.
•It
allows to create new
energy for the cell.
autotrophic living beings
begins a part of a cycle
with chlorophyllian
photosyntesis.
Refuse of cell
respiration
H2O and CO2
glucose
•In
Cell
respiration
glycolysis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are two organelles in
the vegetables cells and animal cells.
They both have the same function: the production of
energy.
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Glycolysis
 Glycolysis
is a fundamental process to
make possible the cell respiration, in fact
glycolysis provides a lot of simple
molecules that will be necessary for the
raction that will produce energy.
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Cellular respiration can be summarized in
an equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Thanks to this equation
we can understand how
energy is produced in our
cells.
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RESPIRATORY
DESEASE
ALESSANDRO BIESUZ
Genetic and Bacterial
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
 Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic
origin disease. It’s the most common
fatal inherited genetic disease in
Caucasians.
 It’s caused by a mutation of CFTR
gene on the 7th chromosome.
 It causes discomfort of respiratory
tract, like dysphagia and asthma
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TUBERCULOSIS
 Tuberculosis,
abbreviated TBC, is an
infectious disease caused by
different strains of mycobacteria.
 It’s
caused by a bacterium, the Koch
Bacillus (BK) or Mycobatterium
tuberculosis.
 It
usually attacks the lungs and
causes extensive scarring in the
upper lobes of the lungs.
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GENE THERAPY
ANDREA SIVIERO
GENE THERAPY
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Introduce genetic
material into cells
to compensate for
abnormal genes
Delivery
theraupethic
transgene
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THE END!
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