Transcript Which hypothesis is better?

Designing a lab…
• AP lab 11 is a good example of the
necessary components for designing
your own lab.
Background:
Pill bugs are crustaceans
Based on your background with these
pictures portrays the most likely
results?
Which hypothesis is better?
1.
2.
I think pill bugs will move toward the
wet side of a choice chamber.
If pill bugs prefer a moist environment,
then when they are randomly placed on
both sides of a wet/dry choice chamber
and allowed to move about freely for 10
minutes, most will be found on the wet
side.
Experimental and Control
Groups….
Sample Size, Results,
Replication:
Your results must be
measurable! Are you
going to count,
measure, find the mass?
You must devise some
way to quantify the
results.
You must also replicate —
do several repetitions of the
experiment.
Other considerations:
• Statistical analysis
– Group averages
– Chi-square test
• Analysis of data using the data as
support for accepted scientific concepts.
Elements for Designed Lab
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Control - constants (explicit)
Manipulation of variable
Measurement (quantitative when possible)
Verification (sample size/repetition)
Hypothesis: TESTABLE
Statistical analysis of data
Results related to hypothesis
Elaboration
Diffusion
Which way will the water
move?
Hint:
Which does better in a hypotonic
solution, plant or animal cells?
% change in mass
Potato core mass changes in
different sucrose solutions
Sucrose Molarity
• What effect does adding solute have
on the water potential of a solution?
• If a plant cell has a lower water
potential than the surrounding
environment and if pressure is equal
to zero, is the cell hypertonic or
hypotonic to its environment? Will
the cell gain or lose water?
Enzyme lab
• What reaction was catalyzed by
catalase?
• In designing a quantitative experiment
regarding this reaction, what could be
measured?
• If you were testing the effect of
temperature on enzyme activity, what
variables would need to remain
constant?
Procedure for the Enzyme Lab
Measure:
How would you design a lab that explores the effect
of pH on enzyme activity?
• Page 21 of lab manual
– What is the initial rate of the reaction
illustrated on the graph?
– What happens to the reaction rate after 4
minutes? Why?
Which phase are the following
cells in?
What phase is seen here?
How do these pictures differ from each other?
Meiosis
How is the distance between the
centromere and the gene for
ascospore color calculated?
Chromatography
The Light Reactions
Respiration Lab
• What is the respirometer?
• What is the equation for respiration?
• How is carbon dioxide production
removed from the equation?
Oxygen consumed (ml)
Pea Respiration at different
temperatures
Time (min)
Transformation
Our Experiment …
How are bacteria that were transformed with the
recombinant plasmid isolated?
LB/-
LB/amp/+
LB/amp/-
LB/amp/ara/+
Gel Electrophoresis …
Fruit Fly Genetics
What sort of inheritance pattern is
observed?
What sort of inheritance pattern is observed?
Chi Squared Problem
The Daphnia shows what sort of
thermoregulation?
What does it mean if the Q10 = 2?
Dissolved Oxygen
Why did this fish die?
DO Availability
How do these conditions affect DO?
Primary productivity
Analysis of Results:
Respiration?
Gross
Productivity?
Net
Productivity?
Productivity mgO2/L
Net and Gross Productivity in a
Lake as a function of depth
Light %
Population Genetics and
Evolution
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What is the frequency of the recessive allele?
What is the frequency of recessive individuals?
What is the frequency of dominant individuals?
What are the criteria for HW equilibrium?
What happens to the frequency of p and q when a
population is in HW equilibrium?
• What happens to p and q when q is lethal?
• What happens when the heterozygote advantage
occurs?
Hardy Weinberg Problem
• In a certain population, the dominant
phenotype of a certain trait occurs 91%
of the time. What is the frequency of
the dominant allele?
• If 1/75 goldfish have very long tails (a
recessive trait), what is the chance that
a random goldfish is heterozygous?
How far apart are these genes on the chromosome?
• Determine the order of genes along a
chromosome based on the following
recombination frequencies:
• A - B 8%
• A - C 28%
• A - D 25%
• B - C 20%
• B - D 33%
• DABC