Transcript Final Vocabulary List

#1-Binomial Nomenclature
Definition: Two-word
naming system that gives all
organisms their scientific
name.
#2-Cell
Definition: Smallest unit of
an organism that can carry
on life functions.
#3-Cell Membrane
Definition: Protective outer
covering of all cells that
regulate the interaction
between the cell and the
environment.
#4-Cell Theory
Definition: States that all
organisms are made up of
one or more cells, the cell is
the basic unit of a life, and all
cells come from other cells.
#5-Cell Wall
Definition: Rigid structure that
encloses, supports and protects
the cells of plants, algae, fungi,
and most bacteria.
#6-Chloroplast
Definition: Green, chlorophyllcontaining plant-cell organelle
that captures light energy which
is used to make sugar.
#7-Cytoplasm
Definition: Gelatin like mixture
inside the cell membrane that
contains heredity material and
is the location of most of a
cell’s life processes.
#8-Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition: Cytoplasmic
organelle that moves materials
around in a cell and is made up
of a complex series of folded
membranes; can be rough or
smooth.
#9-Genus
Definition: First word of the
two-word scientific name
used to identify a group of
similar species.
#10-Golgi Body
Definition: Organelles that
sort and package cellular
materials and transport
them within the cell or out
of the cell.
#11-Homeostatis
 Definition: Ability of an organism to
keep proper internal conditions no
matter what external stimuli are
occurring.
#12-Host Cell
 Definition: Living cell in which a
virus can multiply or in which a virus
can hide until activated by
environmental stimuli.
#13-Kingdom
Definition: First and largest
category used to classify
organisms.
#14-Mitochondrium
Definition: Cell organelle where
food is broken down and
released as energy.
#15-Nucleus
 Definition: Organelle that controls
all the activates of a cell and
contains hereditary material made
of DNA.
#16-Organ
 Definition: Structure, such as the
heart, make up of different types of
tissues that work together.
#17-Organelle
 Definition: Structure in the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that
can act as a storage site, process
energy, move materials, or
manufacture substances.
#18-Organism
Definition: Any living
thing.
#19-Organ System
Definition: A group of organs
working together to perform a
certain function.
#20-Phlogeny
Definition: Evolutionary history
of an organism; used to group
organisms into six kingdoms.
#21-Ribosome
Definition: Small structure on
which cells make their own
proteins.
#22-Tissue
Definition: Group of similar cells
that work together to do one
job.
#23-Virus
Definition: A strand of
hereditary material surrounded
by a protein coating.
#24-ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• Definition: Energy-requiring process
in which transport proteins bind
with particles an move them
through a cell membrane.
#25-DIFFUSION
• Definition: A type of passive
transport in cells in which molecules
move from areas where there are
more of them to an area where there
are fewer of them.
#26-ENDOCYTOSIS
• Definition: Process by which a cell
takes in a substance by surrounding it
with the cell membrane.
#27-ENZYME
• Definition: A type of protein that
regulates chemical reactions in
cells without being changed or
used up itself.
#28-EQUILIBRIUM
• Definition: Occurs when molecules of
one substance are spread evenly
throughout another substance.
#29-EXOCYTOSIS
• Definition: Process by which vesicles
release their contents outside the
cell.
#30-FERMENTATION
• Definition: Process by which oxygen-lacking
cells and some one-celled organisms release
small amounts of energy from glucose
molecules and produce wastes such as
alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid.
#31-INORGANIC COMPOUND
• Definition: Compound that is made from
elements other than carbon whose atoms
usually can be arranged in only one
structure. (Ex. H2O)
#32-METABOLISM
• Definition: The total of all chemical
reactions in an organism.
#33-MIXTURE
• Definition: A combination of substance in
which the individual substances do not
change or combine chemically but instead
retain their own individual properties.
#34-ORGANIC COMPOUND
• Definition: Compounds that always contain
hydrogen and carbon. (Ex. Carbohydrates,
protein).
#35-OSMOSIS
• Definition: A type of passive
transport that occurs when water
diffuses through a cell membrane.
#36-PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• Definition: Movement of substances through a
cell membrane without the use of cellular
energy; diffusion and osmosis.
#37-PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Definition: Process by which plants and many
others use light energy to produce a simple
sugar from carbon dioxide and water.
#38-RESPIRATION
• Definition: Process by which producers and
consumers release stored energy from
food molecules.
 Definition:
a type of reproduction-fission and
regeneration- in which a new organism is
produced from one organism and has DNA
identical to the parent organism.
 Definition:
Structure in the cell’s nucleus
that contains hereditary material.
 Definition:
Cell whose similar chromosomes
occur in pairs.
 Definition:
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the
genetic material of all organisms.
 Definition:
Haploid sex cell formed in the
female reproductive organs.
 Definition:
In sexual reproduction, the
joining of a sperm and egg.
 Definition:
Section of DNA on a chromosome
that contains instructions for making specific
proteins.
 Definition:
Cells that have half the number
of chromosomes as body cells.
 Definition:
Productive process that produces
four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell
and ensures offspring will have the same
number of chromosomes as the parent
organisms.
Definition:
Cell process in which
the nucleus divides to form two
nuclei identical to each other
and the original nucleus in a
series of steps.
Definition:
Any permanent
change in a gene or chromosome
of a cell.
Definition:
Ribonucleic acid, a
type of nucleic acid that carries
codes for making proteins from
the nucleus to the ribosomes.
 Definition:
A type of reproduction in which
two sex cells joins to form a zygote, which
will develop into a new organism with a
unique identity.
 Definition:
Haploid sex cell formed in the
male reproductive organs.
 Definition:
A new diploid cell formed when a
sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis
and develop into a new organism.
#54-Allele
 Definition:
An alternate form that a gene
may have for a single trait; can be
dominant or recessive
#55-Dominant
 Definition:
Describes a trait that covers
over, or dominates another form of that
trait.
#56-Genetic Engineering
 Definition:
Biological and chemical
methods to change the arrangement of a
gene’s DNA to change how cells perform
their normal functions.
#57-Genetics
 Definition:
The study of how traits are
inherited through the actions of alleles.
#58-Genotype
 Definition:
organism.
The genetic makeup of an
#59-Heredity
 Definition:
The passing of traits from parent
to offspring.
#60- Heterozygous
Definition:
Describes an
organism with two different
alleles for a trait.
#61-Homozyous
Definition:
Describes an
organism with two alleles that
are the same for a trait.
#62-Hybrid
An offspring that was
given different genetic
information for a trait from
each parent.
 Definition:
#63-Incomplete Dominance
Definition:
Production of a
phenotype that is intermediate
between the two homozygous
parents.
#64-Phenotype
Definition:
Outward physical
appearance and behavior of
an organism as a result of its
genotype
#65-Polygenic Inheritance
Definition:
Occurs when a
group of gene pairs acts
together and produces a
specific trait, such as eye color,
skin color, or height.
#66-Punnett Square
Definition:
A tool to predict the
probability of certain traits in
offspring that shows the
different ways alleles can
combine.
#67-Recessive
Definition:
Describes a trait that
is covered over, or dominated,
by another form of that trait
and seems to disappear.
#68-Sex-Linked Gene
 Definition:
An allele inherited on a
sex chromosome and can cause
human genetic disorders such as
color blindness.