Transcript Vocabulary Review

Do Now:
Answer the pre-lab questions on
the front page of your handout.
Learning Objectives: DNA Extraction
By the end of this class, you will be able to:
1. Make predictions about the appearance of
DNA
2. Discover and explain how we are able to
remove DNA from cells and see it even
though DNA is very small and can usually
only be seen with a powerful microscope
3. Predict traits that could be given to
strawberries using biotechnology
4. Determine that the leafy green part of
strawberries appears so different from the
red fleshy part of the strawberry due
expression of different genes and not due
to different genes existing in different
parts of the plant
Vocabulary Review
1. Solution:
a liquid mixture in which one
substance is dissolved in another
substance
Vocabulary Review
2. Soluble:
able to dissolve in something.
Example: Sugar
is soluble in water
Vocabulary Review
3. Precipitate (noun):
A solid substance that is
not dissolved in a solution
Precipitate (Verb):
To cause a solid substance
to separate from a solution
Vocabulary Review
3. Extract (noun):
a solution obtained by
steeping or soaking a
solid in a liquid
Extract (Verb):
To remove or take out
something
Vocabulary Review
4. Filter (noun):
something that separates
solids from liquids
Filter (verb): to
remove solids from a liquid
Vocabulary Review
6. Histone Protein:
A protein that DNA
winds around
Vocabulary Review
7. Phospholipid membrane:
A cell membrane that is
made up of two layers
of phospholipids.
Phospholipids have a
polar (water-loving)
head and a non-polar
fatty tail.
Vocabulary Review
8. Biotechnology:
Taking DNA from one
organism and putting
it into another
organism
Vocabulary Review
9. Gene Expression:
The conversion of the
information encoded in
a gene first into messenger
RNA and then to a protein.
Are all genes being
expressed in an organism
at all times?
Vocabulary Review
10. Knead:
To mix and work into a uniform mass, as by
folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands
Vocabulary Review
11. Analogy:
a comparison between two things, usually on
the basis of their structure and for the purpose
of explanation or clarification
Background Information
• The long strands of DNA store the genetic
information of living things. DNA is present in
every cell of plants, animals, and other living
things, with one exception.
• What cells have no nucleus and therefore
have no DNA?
Background Information
• The DNA found in strawberry cells can be
extracted using common materials. We will
use a DNA extraction buffer. This extraction
buffer will help us remove the DNA from the
strawberry cells. It contains salt and soap.
Background Information
• The salt breaks up the histone proteins that
the DNA is wrapped around.
• Why would we need to break up these
proteins before extracting the DNA from cells?
Background Information
• The soap dissolves the phospholipid part of
the strawberry cell and nuclear membranes.
Why do we need to dissolve the cell and nuclear
membranes before extracting the DNA?
Laboratory Safety
• None of the chemicals or materials we will be
using in this lab are particularly dangerous.
However, you must be careful and follow a
few basic rules:
Laboratory Safety Rules
• 1. DO NOT EAT ANYTHING. I know the strawberries look
delicious. Do not eat them. Today, they are not food, they
are laboratory materials.
• 2. BE CAREFUL WITH THE SCISSORS. Mrs. Campbell will
demonstrate the correct way to hand somebody a pair of
scissors.
• 3. WASH YOUR HANDS after you have finished the lab
activity.
• 4. POUR LIQUIDS CAREFULLY. Do not splash any liquids on
purpose. If you spill something, wipe it up with a wet
paper towel, then wipe the surface again with a dry paper
towel.
Materials
Check your lab station to make sure you have these items:
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Plastic zip-top bag
1 strawberry
DNA extraction buffer
graduated cylinder
cheesecloth
funnel
test tube
test tube rack
wooden skewer
ice cold isopropyl alcohol
scissors
Breaking Laboratory Safety Rules
Breaking the rules will cause you to lose your lab
privileges. You will have to sit in a chair in the
back of the room and watch everybody else do
the lab. Continued disruptive behavior will earn
you a referral.
Modeling the Lab Procedure
Watch Mrs. Campbell as she goes through all of
the steps of the lab.
Clean Up
After you have finished the lab:
-throw away the zip-top bag and the cheesecloth
-dump the liquid from the test tube in the bucket
that is next to the sink
-place test tubes, funnels, and sticks in the
appropriate bins by the sink
-wipe down your table and wash your hands
-start working on the Conclusions and Analysis
questions
-if you finish the Conclusions and Analysis
questions, you may start your homework (the
genetic engineering article and questions)