Transcript Genetics Vocabulary

*16 vocabulary words
1.
Heredity
Passing of traits from
parent to offspring
Ex: hair color,
eye color, talents
2.
Genetics
The study of inheritance
*Anything
passed down
from parents
3.
Gene
•A unit of genetic material that
determines a trait
•Genes are found in DNA
*You can’t actually
see a gene; inside
body
You have two types
of genes:
1. Dominant genes
2. Recessive genes
4.
Dominant
A strong form of a gene.
It is represented by a
capital letter. (T)
*Dominant traits are usually visible (brown
hair, brown eyes)
Recessive
5.
Weak form of a gene.
Represented by a lower
case letter. (t)
*Recessive genes are carried but
not always visible
6.
Phenotype
The traits that an organism
physically shows
The traits you
actually see like eye
color, hair, height...
7.
Genotype
Gene combination that
determines the phenotype
(appearance) – TT, Tt, tt
Can’t see
this either!
8.
Hybrid
A combination of dominant
and recessive genes; also
called heterozygous (Tt)
Ex: Purple flower
+ White Flower
9.
Gametes
Sex cells
10. Incomplete Dominance
Genes that do not have
a dominant gene over
the other
+
11.
X Chromosome
• Female has two, XX
• Male has one,
XY
12.
Replication
A duplication/copying
of a DNA molecule
13.
Mutation
A permanent change in
DNA or the
chromosomes
14. Punnett Squares
An easy way to predict
the genetic results of a
cross between 2
organisms.
15. Hybrid
Heterozygous –
hetero means
different (Tt)
16.
Homozygous
• Same gene pair
• TT – homozygous dominant
• tt – homozygous recessive