Transcript Chapter 8 Quiz

Chapter 8 Quiz
Language and Thought
Don’t forget to write your answers on a
separate piece of paper to grade when you’re
done!
1. Phonemes are:
a) The rules of grammar that dictate letter
combinations in a language
b) The smallest unit of sound in a language
c) The smallest unit of meaning in a language
d) Semantically the same as morphemes
2. Because it has all the features commonly associated
with the concept bird, a robin is considered a(n):
a) prototype
b) heuristic
c) algorithm
d) phenotype
3. Compared to convergent thinkers, to solve a problem
divergent thinkers are more likely to:
a) Process information to arrive at the single best answer
b) Think creatively and generate multiple answers
c) Problem solve in a systematic step-by-step fashion
d) Frequently suffer from functional fixedness
4. Unlike B. F. Skinner, Noam Chomsky believes that
children
a) Learn to speak by mimicking the sounds around
them
b) Speak more quickly if their parents correct their
mispronunciations earlier
c) Are hard-wired for language acquisition
d) Learn language more quickly if positive rewards
are given to them
5. Which of the following is a good example of
functional fixedness?
a) Failing to use a dime as a screwdriver when you
have lost your screwdriver
b) Not being able to solve a physics problem
because you apply the same rule you always do
c) Using a blanket as a pillow
d) Adding water to a cake mix when it calls for milk
6. Having been told that Syd is an engineer and
Fran is an elementary school teacher, when
Arnold meets the couple for the first time, he
assumes that Syd is the husband and Fran is
the wife, rather than the opposite, which is
the case. This best illustrates:
a) Confirmation bias
b) The mere exposure effect
c) The anchoring effect
d) The representativeness heuristic
7. Which of the following is a holophrase oneyear-old Amanda is likely to say?
a)
b)
c)
d)
“Mmmmm”
“Gaga”
“Eat apple”
“Bottle”
8. Which of the following exemplifies
retroactive interference?
a)
b)
c)
d)
After suffering a blow to the head, Jean cannot
form new memories.
Elle failed a Spanish test because she studied for
her Italian test after studying Spanish.
Lee cannot remember an important date on the
history exam.
Gene cannot remember his new locker
combination, but he remembers the one from last
year.
9.
According to the nativist theory, language is
acquired
a)
b)
c)
d)
By parents reinforcing correct language use
Using an inborn ability to learn language at a
certain developmental stage
Best in the language and culture native to the
child and parents
Only if formal language instruction is provided
in the child’s native language
10.
In light of their views on language
acquisition, which theorist would expect apes
to progress the furthest in language
development?
a)
b)
c)
d)
B. F. Skinner
Noam Chomsky
Jean Piaget
Herb Terrance
11.
The linguistic relativity hypothesis predicts
that
a)
b)
c)
d)
People should have difficulty thinking about
things they cannot describe in words
Language and thought should develop
independently
People in all cultures should think alike, despite
their language differences
Language development should consistently lag
behind cognitive development
12.
In cultures that depend on hunting and
gathering for subsistence, __________ style
is more adaptive.
a)
b)
c)
d)
A field dependent
A risk-averse
A field independent
An algorithmic
13.
Corey was serving on a jury in a criminal case, and
the jury reached a unanimous “not guilty” verdict.
Several months later, some additional evidence
came to light that strongly suggested that the
defendant was, in fact, guilty of the crime in
question. Corey is still not convinced by the new
evidence, and claims he wouldn’t have voted guilty,
even if the new information had been presented
during the trial. In this example, Corey is showing
evidence of
a)
b)
c)
d)
The conjunction fallacy
The availability heuristic
Belief perseverance
Mental set
14.
Dr. Grath believes that both an innate
predisposition and a supportive environment
contribute to language development. Dr.
Grath’s views are MOST consistent with
those of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Behavioral theories
Nativist theories
Whorfian theories
Interactionist theories
15.
Fast mapping is
a)
b)
c)
d)
The development of a mental representation of
one’s environment
The pacing activity associated with genetics,
allowing for anticipation of motivational events
The type of play a child engages in at an early
age
Mapping words to underlying concepts after only
one exposure
Chapter 8 Answer Key
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
B
A
B
C
A
D
D
B
B
A
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
A
C
C
D
D
Essay Question Possibilities!!

One of the following essay questions will
appear on your test, be familiar with all of
them!!
Essay Question # 1

Outline the key properties of language, and use
these to evaluate the ape-language controversy.
Essay Question # 2

Compare and contrast the behaviorist and
nativist theories of language acquisition. What
is the interactionist view, and how has it arisen
out of dissatisfaction with the other two
approaches?
Essay Question # 3

Name and describe the 3 types of problems
identified by Greeno (1978), and indicate
which of the six approaches to problem
solving discussed in your text would be helpful
and unhelpful in solving each type of problem.
Essay Question # 4

How does risky decision making differ from
making decisions about preferences? How do
people generally make each type of decision?
Good Luck!

Make sure to double check all of your answers
and study them for the upcoming exam.
Remember, AT LEAST FIVE of the questions
from this quiz will make some sort of
appearance on the chapter test along with one
of the essay questions.

Take advantage of this study guide and good
luck on your test!