Transcript 投影片1
柳陈坚 Chenjian Liu Associate professor Faculty of Bioscience &Technology Lab. of Applied microbiology Heredity and gene • The phenomenon of heredity 1.What is life phenomenon of organisms why children look like their parents, why the color and appearance of plants and animal look like their parents, why some diseases can occur in their children. it indicates heredity The sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. The constancy of a species from generation to generation and the variation among individuals within a species. Would offspring exhibit all of characteristics they would exhibit some variations what did Mendel discover How to prove which kind of special molecule to be responsible for finishing the task Through hybrid bean experiment, he raised two laws and one concept. • law of segregation • law of independent assortment • dominant character, recessive character • Allele • The character of organisms is determined by hereditary • W. Johannsen raised the name of ‘gene’ • What did Morgan find through fruit fly hybrid experiment? • He found the special material was in the chromosome • He raised law of linkage and crossing-over • Then he raised the theory of the gene They didn’t definite what kind of special material to cause heredity phenomenon Why can organisms occur such phenomenon what kind of molecule could control such phenomenon The geneticists appreciated that the functional units of heritable material being found within all living cells in the 1930’s • In 1928, English microbiologist Griffith found a phenomenon through Streptococus pneumoniae experiment. • In 1944, American microbiologist and his colleagues were successful on genetic transformation experiment. • Finally, DNA was determined as the genetic material. It can carry genetic specificity Chargaff’s Rules DNA的基因组成（mol％） origin G A C T Pu/Py* A+C G+C G+C A+T 牛肝脏 21.0 28.3 21.1 29.0 0.97 1.00 0.73 牛精子 22.2 28.7 22.0 27.2 1.03 1.03 0.78 人肝脏 19.5 30.3 19.9 30.3 0.99 1.01 0.65 鸡红血球 20.5 28.8 21.5 29.2 0.97 1.01 0.72 小麦胚 23.2 26.8 22.0 28.0 1.00 0.95 0.82 酵母 18.7 31.3 17.1 32.9 1.00 0.94 0.56 大肠菌 24.9 26.0 25.2 23.9 1.04 1.05 1.00 Blender test (Hershey &his research members carried out in 1952) [32P] 标 识DNA 强烈搅拌 感染 [35S] 标 识蛋白 DNA注入 大肠菌 离心分离 嗜菌体增殖 [35S] 进一步增殖 溶菌 · 嗜菌体放出 嗜菌体 含[32P]标识DNA的 不含[35S]标识的蛋白质 [32P] • In 1953, Watson & Crick raised the structure of DNA which was double helix Polynucleotide and its component Purine 碱基 adenine adenine deoxyribose 磷酸 nucleoside nucleotide nucleotide guanine Pyrimidine ribose cytosine thymine uracil The structure of DNA 碱基1 核酸是由核 苷为单位连 接而成的链 状高分子化 合物 碱基2 碱基3 碱基4 Phosphodiester Bond,磷酸二酯键 小沟 大沟 Minor groove Major groove 中心法则(central dogma) 复制 转录 DNA 翻译 RNA 遗传物质 蛋白质 遗传物质的条件 在细胞内有一定量存在 物质的安定性 减数分裂后有一般传给子代 遗传性状传给后代 支配遗传性状 允许一定程度的变异 Thank you for your listening