Transcript Reproduction & Heredity

Reproduction
&
Heredity
Stages of Reproduction
Fertilization~
Joining of an egg and
a sperm in the
fallopian tube
Embryo:
A fertilized egg in the
first 2 months
Fetus:
From the 3rd month on the
embryo is called a fetus.
Stages of Birth:
1. Labor – mild contractions pushes the
baby against the cervix
2. Birth – Baby pushes through the cervix
and into the birth canal.
3. After birth – After the baby is delivered,
the placenta separates and is delivered.
Identical Twins:
Twins developed
from the same
fertilized egg that
splits.
Fraternal Twins:
Twins that develop at
same time but from
separate fertilized eggs.
Vaginal Birth:
A natural birth of a baby..
Breech Birth:
Feet or butt of a baby enters the
birth canal first.
Cesarean Section (C section)~
An incision is made in the abdomen
and uterus in order to deliver the baby.
Anemia~
Low number of healthy
red blood cells,
insufficient iron.
The baby takes iron to
make red blood cells.
Toxemia~
The body retains toxic waste,
can lead to weight gain
and swollen feet.
If left untreated can
lead to convulsions
and coma.
Gestational Diabetes~
Occasionally a pregnant
woman may temporarily
develop diabetes, usually
near the end of her
pregnancy, can cause the
baby to be big.
16
Miscarriage~ Muscles in the uterus contract
and force a nonliving embryo from the body,
usually within the first 3 months.
Still Birth~
Occurs when a mother
delivers a non living
fetus after full term.
Incubator~ keeps a premature baby in a
sterile environment and at a warm
temperature until fully developed.
Premature Birth~
babies born before they
are fully developed.
Birth Defects~
Physical or mental disabilities
that are
present at birth.
Fetal Alcohol
Spectrum Disorders~
birth defects caused by
alcohol consumption
during pregnancy. This
disability is 100%
preventable!
Heredity:
Chromosomes~ tiny threadlike structures that
carry hereditary information from
generation to generation.
Every cell contains
46 chromosomes,
23 from mother and
23 from father.
X Chromosomes =
Female (XX)
Y Chromosomes =
Male (XY)
Genes~ Chromosomes are divided into
smaller units which contain instructions to
help determine a certain
characteristic
of an individual.
DNA ~ makes up
the genes
Dominant Genes~ Person will show the trait
coded for by the gene even if only one
gene is present.
Recessive Genes~
Occurs only if a
Dominant gene
is not present.
(ex…rolling your tongue)
Prenatal Diagnosis:
Amniocentesis~ test used by taking amniotic
fluid from the mother.
Ultrasound~
Sound waves used to
produce images
of the fetus.