Transcript biojeopardy evolution

Descent with
Modification
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The Evolution The Origin of Phylogeny and
Systematics
Of Populations
SPECIES
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Molecular
Genetics
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The branch of biology that
names and classifies organisms,
originated by Linnaeus
What is taxonomy
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200
In a snake, these are the
remnants of pelvic and leg
bones in a snake (historical
remnants of ancestral
structures)
What are vestigial organs
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300
Cuvier is the father of paleontology
and proposed that the differences
he saw in fossils were the result of
local events like floods and
droughts. These ideas laid the
groundwork for his “theory”
of________________
What is Catastrophism
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400
The earliest forms of life on Earth
were recorded from fossil deposits
dating from about 3.5 billion years
ago. These deposits likely included
these deposits.
What is bacteria
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500
Charles Darwin was the first to
propose the theory of evolution
by ______________and provide
evidence
What is natural
selection
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600
This is the smallest unit that can
evolve.
What is a population
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700
__________ Structures are body parts that
resemble one another in different species
that have evolved independently as
adaptations to their environments, whereas
_____________structures are body parts that
resemble each other and have evolved from a
common ancestor.
What is analagous; homologous
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800
“The long neck of a giraffe is a
result of its ancestors continually
trying to reach to higher branches,”
was a statement made by this
person.
Who is Lamarck
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900
The 3 different types of fats and
how to distinguish them.
What is fatty acids on a saturated fat
have no double bonds in their
hydrocarbon chains. Saturated fats tend
to be solid at room temperature, while
unsaturated fats are liquid.
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1000
The name of the pink molecule.
What are chaperonins
(chaperone proteins)
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100
This is the major source of
genetic variation in
bacteria…and in animals.
What are mutation…sexual
recombination
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200
This is a measure of an
individual’s relative contribution
to the gene pool of the next
generation
What is fitness
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300
Genetic drift that occurs when only
a few individuals colonize a new
area
What is founder effect
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400
This is an example of
intrasexual selection
What is “any example with same-sex
competition for a mate”
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500
In a Hardy-Weinberg population
with two alleles, A and a, that are
in equilibrium, the frequency of the
allele a is 0.7. This is the
percentage of the population that
is homozygous for the “a” allele.
What is 49%
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600
This chromosomal mutation can
increase the mass of DNA present
in an organism’s genome creating
superflous DNA that may undergo
further changes producing entirely
new genes
What is duplication
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700
A population of birds on the coast
range in size from 9-15cm, with the
majority of birds being 12 cm.
Another population of birds exist
on a distant island off the same
coastline, but all the birds are
15cm. What is the most likely
explanation for difference in sizes
of members of these populations
What is genetic bottleneck or founder
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effect
800
These are the allele frequencies for the
following scenarios: There are a
population of 100 rats…40 are TT for
long tail, 25 are Tt, and 35 are tt (short
tail)
What is T=105 and t=95
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900
These are the five conditions that
must be maintained in order for
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to be
maintained
What are 1)very large population, 2)no
gene flow or transfer of alleles, 3)no
mutations, 4)random mating, 5)no
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natural selection
1000
This characteristic is what places
mitochondria and chloroplasts in a
separate category from organelles in
the endomembrane system.
What are Mitochondria and chloroplasts
contain DNA, which encodes some of their
proteins. Also…they are not connected
physically or via transport vesicles to
organelles of the endomembrane system.
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100
This is the function of the
accessory pigments.
What is absorption of energy that
chlorophyll a does not absorb.
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200
During photosynthesis, the
__________________produce NADPH
and ATP, while the ____________Cycle
produces sugar
What are light reactions/Calvin
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300
The isthmus of Panama separates
two species of fish that are more
closely related to each other than
they are to the other species of
fish in the bodies of water in which
they exist…this is an example of
_______________speciation.
What is allopatric speciation
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400
In C3 plants, “this wasteful
process” occurs when plants close
their stomata on hot days and CO2
concentrations fall. This process
makes Rubisco add O2 to RuBP
What is photorespiraton.
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500
These “channels” are found in plant
cells and allow water and cytosol
to pass from cell to cell.
What are plasmodesmata
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600
This is the most abundant protein
in chloroplasts and is the is
enzyme that catalyzes carbon
fixation in phase 1 of the Calvin
Cycle
What is rubisco
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700
In noncyclic electron flow, the
electron “hole” of p700 is filled by
_______, and the electron “hole” of
p680 is filled by ___________.
What is an electron from p680; an
electron from water photolysis
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800
This is how ATP synthase gets is
energy to generate ADP and
inorganic phosphate from ATP in
respiration
What is chemiosmosis of H+
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900
Respiration : oxidative
phosphorylation and
Photosynthesis: _________________
What is
photophosphorylation
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The function of the third phase of
the Calvin Cycle.
What is What is regeneration of CO2
acceptor (RuBP)
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A yellow pea plant is heterozygous
for color is crossed with the
recessive phenotype (green).
________of the 800 offspring could
be expected to be green.
What is 400
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The assumption that genetic
mutations occur at a regular rate
over time is part of this hypothesis.
What is molecular clock
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Tall humans usually have tall children,
and short parents have short children.
But this is the observation of why adult
humans have such a wide range of
heights (that fit a bell curve)
What is height is partially hereditary and
appears to exhibit polygenic inheritance with
a wide norm of reaction, indicating that
environmental factors have a strong influence
on phenotype.
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400
In an alternation of generations
life cycle, the sporophyte refers
to the individual that is
(haploid / diploid / triploid)
Choose one!
What is diploid
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500
Independent assortment of
homologous chromosomes,
crossing over and random
fertilization generate the
What is genetic variation in sexually
reproducing organisms
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600
This is what the haploid number
and diploid number for dogs are,
since dog sperm contains 39
chromosomes.
What is haploid is 39 and diploid is 78
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In
What is photorespiraton
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800
The genotypes (respectively) for a
male and female who both have
achondroplasia (dwarfism: under
3.5 feet tall) but have a child of
normal size.
What are Aa, Aa, aa
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900
These are the precise chemical
reactions for photosynthesis and
respiration.
What are:
6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
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What is “light provides energy to push eto the top of the electron chain” (rather
than energy from food molecule
oxidation)
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“This” stores information, codes for
the production of proteins and is
found in all living things
What is DNA
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200
This part of our photosynthesis lab
setup was necessary to absorb
most of the light’s infrared
radiation while having little effect
on the visible radiation.
What is the heat sink
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A defective protein has been
produced due to an error in
transcription, and this is the
“molecule” that contains the error.
What is mRNA
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The enzyme that unzips the DNA
molecule prior to replication is
______________ , whereas
_____________records the genetic
code by catalyzing transcription
What are helicase and RNA polymerase
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DNA replication is described as
being ______________, which means
that a replicated DNA molecule is
composed of one old strand and
one new strand.
What is semi-conservative
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600
These are two examples of
accessory pigments that might
accompany primary pigment,
chlorophyll a, in the photosystems
What are carotenoids (xanthophylls and
carotenes), chlorophyll b, etc.
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The function of accessory
pigments
What is
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800
In
What is the unboiled chloroplasts in the
light
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900
This
What are
Cuvette 2: effect of no light,
Cuvette 3: effect of light,
Cuvette 4: effect of boiling on enzymes,
Cuvette 5: control
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1000
Without
What is use of a “colorimeter” or
comparing colors of DPIP over time
(from blue to colorless)
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