Transcript AP Bio Test Review - ehs-English

AP Biology AP Test Review Jeopardy
A:
Cells
B:
Energetics
C: Heredity
& Genetics
D:
Evolution &
Diversity
E: Plants
F:
Animals
G: More
Animals
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200 200 200
300 300 300
300 300 300 300
400 400 400
400 400 400 400
500 500 500
500 500 500 500
Final Jeopardy
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©Norman Herr, 2003
A-100
• ANSWER: The functions of smooth ER,
lysosomes and peroxisomes, respectively
• QUESTION: What is
– Lipid synthesis and toxin detox
– Digestion of macromolecules by enzymes
and an acidic environment; and
– Breakdown of various substances
including some toxins and H2O2?
Answer
Question
A-200
• ANSWER: Cell junctions in plant and
animal cells (respectively) that permit
passage of some materials from one cell
to another
• QUESTION: What are plasmodesmata
and gap junctions?
Answer
Question
A-300
• ANSWER: The fluid mosaic model
• QUESTION: What model describes the
cell membrane as a flexible phospholipid
bilayer with embedded proteins that can
move somewhat?
• Phospholipid hydrophilic heads to the outside
• Hydrophobic tails inside
Answer
Question
A-400
• ANSWER: The mechanisms for passive
and active transport
• QUESTION: What are diffusion down a
concentration gradient (passive) and use
of energy to move solutes against their
gradients (active)?
Answer
Question
A-500
• ANSWER: Parts of a signal transduction
pathway
• QUESTION: What are reception,
transduction and response?
Answer
Question
B-100
• ANSWER: The 3 steps in cellular
respiration and the 2 parts of the last step
• QUESTION: What are glycolysis, the
Krebs (or citric acid) cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation; and what are the
electron transport chain and
chemiosmosis?
Answer
Question
B-200
• ANSWER: 2 types of fermentation, and what
organisms have these processes
• QUESTION: What is alcohol fermentation,
done by yeasts and some bacteria, and what is
lactic acid fermentation, done by animal
muscles
Answer
Question
B-300
• ANSWER: The 2 major processes of
photosynthesis and the 2 reaction centers
of the first process (in the order they are
active)
• QUESTION: What are light-dependent
and the Calvin Cycle (or lightindependent) reactions, and what are
photosystems II and I?
Answer
Question
B-400
• ANSWER: The difference between C3, C4
and CAM plants
• QUESTION: What are C3 plants that do
the Calvin cycle during the day, (which may
result in photorespiration on hot, dry days); C4
plants that fix carbon in mesophyll cells which
avoids photorespiration, and CAM plants that
open stomata and fix carbon at night
Answer
Question
B-500
• ANSWER: Non-cyclic vs. cyclic electron
flow
• QUESTION: What is the production of
ATP that uses PS II, the ETC and PSI vs.
PS I, the ETC and back to PS I to
generate more ATP than NADPH?
Answer
Question
C-100
• ANSWER: Introns and exons
• QUESTION: What are the noncoding
and coding segments of mRNA?
Answer
Question
C-200
• ANSWER: Stages in meiosis in which
crossing over, lining up of homologues,
separation of homologues, and separation
of chromatids occur
• QUESTION: What are prophase I,
metaphase I, anaphase I and anaphase
II?
Answer
Question
C-300
•
ANSWER: Forms
of inheritance in which
–
–
–
–
•
Traits blend
There is equal expression of 2 alleles
There is interaction of many genes
Genes at one locus affect the expression of genes at
another locus
– An allele affects several characteristics of an organism
QUESTION: What are
– Incomplete dominance
– Codominance
– Polygenic inheritance
– Epistasis
– Pleitropy?
Answer
Question
C-400
• ANSWER: Restriction enzymes,
plasmids, phage, recombinant DNA
• QUESTION: What are enzymes that cut
DNA at a specific sequence, circular DNA
of bacteria, a virus that infects bacteria,
and DNA containing genetic material
from more than one organism
Answer
Question
C-500
• ANSWER: Epigenic inheritance
• QUESTION: What is the transmission of
traits by mechanisms that do not involve
changes in DNA sequences?
Answer
Question
D-100
• ANSWER: Phylogeny, homologous structures,
and analogous structures
• QUESTION: What are the terms for the study
of evolutionary relationships, structures in
different species that evolve from a common
ancestor and structures in different species that
evolve independently due to environmental
conditions.
Answer
Question
D-200
• ANSWER: Speciation that occurs when a
population is divided by a geographic
barrier, and speciation that occurs
without a geographic barrier
• QUESTION: What are allopatric and
sympatric speciation (respectively)?
Answer
Question
D-300
• ANSWER: The allele and genotype frequencies
for a plant population consisting of 84% plants
with red flowers and 16% white flowers (where
the red allele is dominant over the white).
• QUESTION: What are .6 dominant and .4
recessive allele frequencies, and 36%
homozygous dominant, 48% heterozygous, and
16% homozygous recessive genotype
frequencies?
Answer
Question
D-400
• ANSWER: 4 scientific areas of study that
provide evidence for evolution
• QUESTION: What are (4 of)
–
–
–
–
–
Paleontology
Biogeography
Embryology
Comparative anatomy
Molecular biology
Answer
Question
D-500
• ANSWER: 3 factors that cause evolution (or
changes in allele frequencies)
• QUESTION: What are 3 of
– Natural selection
– Mutations
– Gene flow
– Genetic drift (including founder effect and
bottleneck)
– Nonrandom mating
Answer
Question
E-100
• ANSWER: The major groups of plants
that include mosses, ferns, conifers and
flowering plants, respectively
• QUESTION: What are nonvascular,
seedless vascular, gymnosperms and
angiosperms?
Answer
Question
E-200
• ANSWER: Primary growth and where
on plants it occurs, and secondary growth
and where it occurs
• QUESTION: What is plant growth in
length that occurs at apical meristems
and plant growth (in woody plants) in
girth (width) that occurs in lateral
meristems?
Answer
Question
E-300
• ANSWER: The sporophyte and
gametophyte in plants and the term for
the type of life cycle plants undergo
• QUESTION: What are the plant and the
pollen/embryo sac, and alternation of
generations?
Answer
Question
E-400
• ANSWER: Photoperiodism and
phytochromes
• QUESTION: What is the response of
plants to changes in the relative lengths
of daylight and night, and pigments that
are involved in plant responses to light
Answer
Question
E-500
• ANSWER: Plant hormones that a)
promote plant growth and phototropism,
b) promote leaf abscission (release from
the stem) and fruit ripening, c) inhibit
leaf abscission and promote bud and seed
dormancy
• QUESTION: What are auxins, ethylene
and abscisic acid?
Answer
Question
F-100
• ANSWER: Metabolic rate, endothermic
vs. exothermic
• QUESTION: What is the amount of
energy an animal uses in a unit of time;
what are animals that generate their own
body heat vs. animals that obtain body
heat from the environment?
Answer
Question
F-200
• ANSWER: The processes by which gas
exchange occurs between alveoli and
capillaries, between capillaries and body
cells and the mechanism that permits air
movement into and out of the lungs
• QUESTION: What is diffusion, diffusion,
and volume changes that create pressure
differences?
Answer
Question
F-300
• ANSWER: The 3 processes involved in a
human nephron to produce urine from
blood, and where they occur
• QUESTION: What are filtration (in the
glomerulus), secretion (in the proximal
convoluted tubules) and reabsorption (in
the loop of Henle and distal convoluted
tubules)?
Answer
Question
F-400
•
ANSWER: Steps
that lead to transmission of a nerve impulse
across a synapse once the action potential reaches the axon
terminal
•
QUESTION: What are
– Release of Ca2+ into the axon terminal
– Vesicles containing a neurotransmitter travel to the axon
membrane
– The neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft
between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic cells
– Receptors on the post-synaptic cell bind to the
neurotransmitter and the post-synaptic membrane is
excited or inhibited (depending on the type of signal from
the neurotransmitter)
– The neurotransmitter is reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic
cell or broken down and recycled
Answer
Question
F-500
• ANSWER: Steps to muscle contraction in a sarcomere
• QUESTION: What are
– ATP binds to myosin heads on the thick filaments and forms ADP +
P
– An action potential causes Ca2+ to be released and Ca2+ binds to
proteins on the thin actin filaments, exposing binding sites for myosin
– Myosin heads attach to binding sites on actin, forming cross bridges
between the thick and thin filaments
– ADP + P are released and the myosin head swivels, pulling the actin
inward, causing the sarcomere to contract (this is done many times
causing the whole muscle to contract)
– New ATP attaches to the myosin, causing the cross bridges to unbind,
and the process is ready to repeat
– When the action potential stops, the Ca2+ is reabsorbed and the
myosin binding sites on the actin are not exposed, so cross bridges
cannot form
Answer
Question
G-100
• ANSWER: 3 Stages in embryonic
development after fertilization
• QUESTION: What are cleavage,
(morula), blastula, and gastrula
Answer
Question
G-200
• ANSWER: Coelom, gastrovascular
cavity and alimentary canal
• QUESTION: What is a fluid-filled body
cavity that separates the digestive tract
from the outer body wall; and what is a
single opening that functions in both
digestion and excretion; and what is a
one-way digestive tract with 2 openings?
Answer
Question
G-300
• ANSWER: Agonistic behavior, taxis, kinesis,
and imprinting
• QUESTION: What is aggression or submission
resulting from competition, undirected change
in speed of an animal’s response to a stimulus,
a directed movement in response to a stimulus,
and a process for acquiring specific behavior
only if an appropriate stimulus is experienced
during a critical period?
Answer
Question
G-400
• ANSWER: The functions and source
organ/gland for antidiuretic hormone, insulin,
epinephrine and aldosterone
• QUESTION: What are regulation of water
balance (posterior pituitary), decreases blood
sugar levels (pancreas), fight or flight response
[increase blood sugar and heart rate] (adrenal
medulla), and sodium and potassium
homeostasis (adrenal cortex)?
Answer
Question
G-500
• ANSWER: In the immune response, 2 functions of
macrophages, functions of the 2 types of B cells, and
functions of each of the 4 types of T cells
• QUESTION: What are
– Phagocytosis and antigen presentation;
– Plasma cells that produce antibodies and memory Bs
which remember the antigen the next time it attacks ; and
– Helper Ts which activate B and other T cells, cytotoxic Ts
which destroy infected body cells, suppressor Ts which
turn off the immune response when it has done enough,
and memory Ts which remember the antigen the next
time it attacks so the antigen can be destroyed before you
realize you’ve been infected
Answer
Question
FINAL JEOPARDY
• ANSWER: The energy-carrying
molecules used in cellular respiration vs.
those used in photosynthesis (include
what they begin as and what they are
reduced to, if applicable)
• QUESTION:
– In cellular respiration, what are NAD+ to
NADH, FAD to FADH2 and ATP
– In photosynthesis, what are NADP+ to NADPH
and ATP
Answer
Question