Transcript Chapter 13 - Physical and health disabilities

Chapter 13
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Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Late 1600s – treatment was advocated
19th c. – Most common recommendation was for
institutionalization
 Early 20th c. – Attention to war veterans brought
about laws to assist individuals
 National organizations developed – Easter Seals
and the March of Dimes
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
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Irving Independent School District v.
Tatro, 468 U.S. 883 (1984)
Cedar Rapids Community School District
v. Garrett F., 19 S. Ct. 992 (1992)
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
 Chronic – e.g., cerebral palsy
 Acute – e.g., childhood cancers
 Progressive – e.g., muscular dystrophy
 Episodic – e.g., epilepsy
 Congenital – present at birth
 Acquired – occurs after birth
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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a severe … impairment that
adversely affects a child’s
educational performance. The term
includes impairments caused by
congenital anomaly, impairments
caused by disease, and impairments
from other causes
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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 Monoplegia – only one limb is affected
 Hemiplegia – one side of the body is affected
 Paraplegia – only legs are affected
 Tetraplegia (formerly called quadriplegia) –
involves all limbs and trunk of the body
 Diplegia – both legs or both arms are affected
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Types of
Paralysis
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 Cerebral palsy – “paralysis of the brain.”
disability in muscle control, posture, and movement
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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spastic, athetoid, ataxic, mixed
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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 Spina bifida – bones of the spinal
column are not closed
 Hydrocephalus – cerebrospinal fluid
in the brain
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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 Spinal cord injury – break, severe bruise, or other
damage to spinal cord that affects motor and
sensory functions.
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Duchenne muscular
dystrophy – deterioration
of muscles
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis – inflammation
(redness, swelling, and soreness) of the joints –
autoimmune disorder
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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…an acquired injury to the brain
caused by an external physical force,
resulting in total or partial functional
disability or psychosocial impairment,
or both, that adversely affects a
child’s educational performance.
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Closed head injury – no physical
injury to the skull
Open head injury – skull is fractured
and membrane surrounding the brain
is penetrated
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Cognitive skills
Processing ability
Language
Academic achievement
Emotions
Behavior
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Car/motorcycle
accidents
Playground
accidents
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
Falls from
bicycles
Shaken baby
syndrome
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…having limited strength, vitality or
alertness, including a heightened
alertness to environmental stimuli, that
results in limited alertness with respect
to the educational environment, that…
adversely affects a child’s educational
performance.
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Asthma – lung disease
that causes episodes of
extreme difficulty in
breathing.

Triggers in environment
cause airways to swell and
produce mucus
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Epilepsy (seizure disorder)
Partial seizure – electrical charge affects only
part of the brain; involuntary twitching of
muscles or rapid eye blinks
Generalized
1) tonic-clonic – person stiffens, loses
consciousness, falls, and arms and legs
contract
2) absence (ab-sawnce) seizures – lasts up to
30 seconds; mistaken for daydreaming.
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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HIV (human
immunodeficiency virus) and
AIDS (acquired immune
deficiency syndrome
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Cancer – uncontrolled division of abnormal cells
1) Leukemia (white blood cell cancer)
2) Brain tumor
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Caused by hemoglobin S that reduces O2

About 9% affected in U.S.
 Homozygous recessive (ss)

Heterozygous: (Ss) “carriers”
 Can transmit gene to offspring
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Type I Diabetes (juvenile) – body cannot break
down sugars and store them due to a lack of
insulin (hormone and protein)
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Cognitive and academic – varies widely
Behavior, Emotional, and Social –
 Behavior problems may be present
 Student may have low self-esteem
 May need help relating to peers
Physical and medical – teachers must
learn about each student’s challenges and
needs

Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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 Medical condition and physical
functioning
 Intellectual functioning
 Academic achievement, language,
and related areas
 Behavior
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Infants/toddlers – services at home
Preschoolers – in-home, center-based, or preschool
programs
 Services focus on family relationships as well as
treatment for the child
 Early interventionists help family locate and access
needed resources
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Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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In general education classrooms:
 About 50% of students with physical disabilities and health
impairments
 Less than 33% of students with traumatic brain injury
Many students receive services in special
education classrooms, residential facilities, at
home, or in hospitals
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Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Public School Placements for Students with Physical
and Health Disabilities: Time Spent Outside General
Education (in percentages)
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Postsecondary education
Transportation
Living arrangements
Career choices
Agency supports
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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Access to education
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Aids for posture and mobility
Aids for communication
Aids for learning
Related services
Factors related to disability
 School re-entry
 Responding to emergencies
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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How prepared are teachers to work with
students with physical and health
disabilities?
How available is technology to students
in rural areas or those who are poor?
Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities
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