Transcript blood typing

BLOOD TYPING
LAB
Remember:
Glycoproteins on the surface of
cells help identify “self”
The pattern of sugars that are
attached is determined by a
gene
Allele choices are:
A
B
_____
____
____
O
BLOOD TYPES
An A allele tells
the cell to put
“A” glycoproteins
on its surface
BLOOD TYPES
An B allele tells
the cell to put
different “B”
glycoproteins
on its surface
BLOOD TYPES
An O allele tells
the cell NOT to put
anything (neither A
nor B antigens) on
the surface
A and B are CO-DOMINANT
A cell with BOTH
an A and a B allele
has BOTH
“A” and “B”
glycoproteins on its
surface
ANTIBODIES react to cells with glycoproteins
seen as “NOT LIKE ME”
This is how your immune system
protects you against GERMS!
Substances on the surface
of cells that cause an
immune reaction are called
ANTIGENS
__________________
Glycoproteins are ANTIGENS!
ANTI-A SERUM
Adding ANTI-A
antibodies to cells
with A glycoproteins
on their surface
causes them to
clump together
= ________________________
AGGLUTINATION
ANTI-A SERUM
Adding ANTI-A
antibodies to cells
with B glycoproteins
on their surface
causes NO REACTION
BLOOD TYPES
NO
YES
Will ANTI-A react?
NO
YES
BLOOD TYPES
NO
NO
Will ANTI-B react?
YES
YES
ABO SYSTEM is NOT
THE ONLY ONE
+
Rh
Rh
BLOOD TYPES
YES
Will ANTI-Rh react?
NO
You can determine the blood type of a
cell by seeing which ANTI-SERA it
reacts with
Add 5 drops of patient’s blood to each
well
Add 3 drops ANTI-A serum to A well
Add 3 drops of ANTI-B serum to B well
Add 3 drops of ANTI-Rh to Rh well
BLOOD TYPES & ALLELES
GENOTYPE
AA
AO
BB
BO
OO
AB
PHENOTYPE
(BLOOD TYPE)
A
A
B
B
O
AB
DONOR
BLOOD
A and AB see
A
as “like me”
Body images modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
B and O see A
as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM
ATTACKS!
DONOR
BLOOD
B and AB see
B
as “like me”
Body images modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
A and O see B
as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM
ATTACKS!
DONOR
BLOOD
O can donate to
____
EVERY BLOOD TYPE
= UNIVERSAL DONOR
_____________________
YOU DON’T HAVE
ANYTHING I DON’T
HAVE!
Body images modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
Nothing on surface to
recognize as “NOT SELF”
DONOR
BLOOD
Only AB sees
AB
as “like me”
Body images modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
A, B, and O see AB
as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM
ATTACKS!
AB can only GIVE to AB
BUT . . .
______
AB can RECEIVE
FROM
EVERY BLOOD TYPE
= UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
Body image modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
BLOOD TYPE FREQUENCY
IN USA
A
B
AB
O
40%
10%
4%
46%
http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/BldTyping.html
ABO SYSTEM is NOT
THE ONLY ONE
+
Rh
Rh
OTHER BLOOD TYPES
NO PROBLEMS
____________________ IF:
Rh+
MOM is _____
Rh
& BABY is _____
+
Image modified from:
http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif
Rh+
MOM is _____
Rh& BABY is ____
Can be a ___________ IF:
PROBLEM
Mom is _____
Rh-
Baby is _____
Rh+
1st baby OK but few baby cells
entering mom’s bloodstream
put mom’s immune system on
alert for + cells.
Next + baby, mom’s immune
system can attack baby as it is
growing
Mom given shot after 1st birth
prevents this
Image modified from:
http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif