Transcript Lesson 4

Lesson 4
How similar or different are cells?
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Skin cells
Blood cells
Slide 4.1
Lesson 4
1) Prepare gel
Holes for samples
to be tested
gel
Image from powerful microscope
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Slide 4.2
Lesson 4
2) Put protein sample in hole
Pipet with
solution of
proteins
Lots of different
sized proteins
Slide 4.3
Lesson 4
3) Include all the samples you want to test
lactase
tyrosinase
Slide 4.4
Lesson 4
4) Provide power to the electrodes
larger proteins
Negatively charged
proteins move
towards positive
electrode
smaller proteins
Slide 4.5
Lesson 4
5a) Proteins separate based on size
lactase
tyrosinase
Slide 4.6
Lesson 4
5b) Judging the amount of protein
A little
lactase
A lot of
lactase
Slide 4.7
5c) Analyzing RNA
Lesson 4
Longer
RNA
Shorter
RNA
Slide 4.8
Lesson 4
6) Take a picture to record your work
Slide 4.9
Lesson 4
Lactose intolerance in Jason’s family
Lactose intolerance:
1) No (Mom)
2) Yes (Jason)
3) No (Chelsea)
4) No (Maya)
Slide 4.10
Lesson 4
Results: DNA sequence analysis of
lactase gene:
Mom:
no mutations in lactase genes
Jason:
no mutations in lactase genes
Chelsea:
no mutations in lactase genes
Maya:
no mutations in lactase genes
Slide 4.11
Lesson 4
Results: RNA analysis of lactase gene
1
2
3
4
Lactose intolerance:
1) No (Mom)
2) Yes (Jason)
3) No (Chelsea)
4) No (Maya)
Slide 4.12
Gel electrophoresis:
Lactase samples from 4 people
1
2
3
Lesson 4
4
Lactose intolerance:
1) No (Mom)
2) Yes (Jason)
3) No (Chelsea)
4) No (Maya)
Why does Jason have
no protein?
Why Mom and Chelsea
have less protein?
Slide 4.13
Lesson 4
Results: DNA sequence of area near
the lactase gene
ATTTGC
TAAACG
ATCTGC
TAGACG
Chelsea: ATCTGC
TAGACG
ATTTGC
TAAACG
Mom:
Jason: ATCTGC
TAGACG
ATCTGC
TAGACG
Maya: ATTTGC
TAAACG
ATTTGC
TAAACG
Slide 4.14
Lesson 4
Erythropoietin (EPO)
O-O O-O O-O
Lots of O-O O-O
O-O O-O
oxygen
O-O
O-O
O-O
environment
O-O
AGCTTCCCGGGATGAGGGCCC
TCGAAGGGCCCTACTCCCGGG
some
cells
Small amount of
oxygen
O-O
AGCTTCCCGGGATGAGGGCCC
gene
gene “on” some of the time
some
protein
O-O
TCGAAGGGCCCTACTCCCGGG
gene “on” most of the time
protein
QuickTime™ and a
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are needed to see this picture.
cells
lots of
protein
lots of
cells
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Slide 4.15