Transcript What is the most likely path of inheritance?

AP EXAM REVIEW SESSION III
MOLECULAR GENETICS
Be prepared, not scared! 
Gene Expression
But first . . . A Quick Visit to Mendelian Genetics . . . 
1.
Paula and Bernie have a child named Liz. Paula is A – and Liz is B +. What are
the possible blood phenotypes for Bernie? Genotypes for all?
2.
Coat color is Labrador retrievers is controlled by the inheritance and interaction
of two genes. Black color is dominant to chocolate, but yellow Labrador
retrievers will be produced if a second dominant gene allowing the ability to
express pigment is not inherited. Two black Labrador retrievers, heterozygous
at both loci, are mated. What is the chance that they will produce yellow
offspring?
3.
Two carriers for cystic fibrosis have 3 children together, none of whom has cystic
fibrosis. What is the probability their 4th child will be born with cystic fibrosis?
4.
Two diploid organisms, one heterozygous for 4 genes and one homozygous
dominant for 4 genes, sexually reproduce. What is the probability the offspring
is heterozygous at every locus?
What is the most likely path of inheritance?
What is the most likely path of inheritance?
What is the most likely path of inheritance?
Nucleic Acids
DNA
DNA
DNA Replication
DNA Replication
Mechanisms of Gene Transfer in Bacteria
Prokaryotic Gene Expression
Inducible vs Repressible Operons
Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis
REGULATION OF EUK GENE EXPRESSION
• Pre-Transcriptional Modifications
 Chromatin Re-modeling
o Acetylation of Histones
o Methylation
 Initiation of Transcription
o Transcription Factors
• Post-Transcriptional Modifications
 Alternative RNA Splicing
 mRNA Degradation
 Protein Processing
 Proteosomes
 Non-Coding RNAs
REGULATION OF EUK GENE EXPRESSION
• Post-Transcriptional
Modifications, cont
 mRNA Degradation
 Protein Processing
o Proteosomes
 Non-Coding RNAs
o microRNAs (miRNAs)
o small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
Techniques in Molecular Genetics
Restriction Enzymes & Recombinant DNA
Gene Cloning
Using mRNA
to Produce
cDNA
Microarrays
Polymerase
Chain
Reaction
(PCR)
Electrophoresis
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, AKA . . .
RFLPs
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
SNPs