Transcript Motor skills

Diseases caused by
abnormal
chromosomes or by
defective genes
inherited from one
or both parents.
Segments of DNA
located on a
chromosome that
code for a specific
hereditary trait
Occur when 1 gene out of
30,000 to 40,000 genes in
the body has a harmful
mutation.
When a gene carries
incorrect instructions
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Nerve cells use a brain chemical
called dopamine to help control
muscle movement. Parkinson's
disease occurs when the nerve
cells in the brain that make
dopamine are slowly destroyed.
Without dopamine, the nerve cells
in that part of the brain cannot
properly send messages. This leads
to the loss of muscle function.
Degeneration of brain cells
• Passed down through families
• Causes:
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uncontrolled bodily movements
facial grimaces
emotional disturbances
mental deterioration
Blood disease in
which the body
produces
defective
hemoglobin.
Blood disease in
which the body
produces little or none of the
blood proteins necessary for
clotting.
Disease of the body’s mucous
glands. It primarily affects the
respiratory and digestive
systems of children and young
adults.
More than one gene
influences the onset of a
disease. Lifestyle behaviors
can contribute to a person’s
chance of developing a
complex disease
CVD’s such as stroke, high
blood pressure, heart attacks,
arteriosclerosis, type 2
diabetes and cancer are
examples of complex
diseases.
When a person inherits the wrong number of
chromosomes or an incomplete chromosome.
Humans normally have 23 chromosomes in each cell.
Most common chromosomal
disease in the U.S. is
Down Syndrome.
If the immune system
does not function
properly it can result in
an immune disorder.
Examples of immune
disorders are allergies,
asthma and AIDS.
When the immune
system attacks the
cells of the body
that the immune
system normally
protect.
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an
autoimmune diseases are in which the
immune system attacks the joints.
Multiple Sclerosis occurs when the
immune system attacks the fatty
insulation of nerves
in the brain and
spinal cord.
A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological
processes involved in understanding or
in using language
Manifests itself as an imperfect ability to listen, think,
speak, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.
Usually have normal IQ but can’t perform academically
within the normal IQ range.
Common characteristics
 hyperactive behavior, short attention spans,
impulsiveness, poor self concepts, delay in play
development
Effects on motor proficiency
 hard time with visual-motor coordination, fine motor
coordination, bilateral coordination, balance, and
difficulties in perception (sight, sound,
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touch, muscle feeling, smell, and taste)
Significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning;
a wide continuum exists
Characteristics: short attention span, being slow to
understand and follow directions, being lovable and
wanting to please, exhibiting a delay in physical and
motor skills
Motor skills: similar to learning disabilities; Poor body
image, poor spatial relations, (with themselves, others, and
equipment), clumsy and lack balance
Students with mental disabilities benefit from a highly
structured and consistent environment, as well as
immediate praise
Suggestions: Structured, consistent environment, teach
by demonstrations and verbalization, be brief with
directions, affirm/praise valid attempts (instantly)
A condition exhibiting characteristics which over a long
period of time (adversely affects the child’s education):
Examples: Tourette’s syndrome, Bipolar, PDD (autism,
asperger’s), Oppositional Defiant disorder
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Characteristics: inability to learn that cannot be explained
by intellectual, sensory, or health factors
inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal
relationship with peer or teachers
inappropriate behaviors or feelings under normal
circumstances
general mood of unhappiness or depression
tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated
with personal/school problems
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Definition: Includes partial sight and blindness. Visual
impairment, including blindness, means an impairment in
vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s
educational performance
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Characteristics: self stimulation mannerisms (rocking, clicking
fingers), stand too close because don’t know distances
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Motor skills: slow to walk and develop gross motor skills
created by limited movement and exploration, higher body
mass index (low levels of fitness)
May be a permanent or fluctuating impairment or
deafness. Impairment in hearing, whether permanent
or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s
education performance; Deafness is a hearing
impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired
in processing linguistic information through hearing,
with or without amplification
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Characteristics: social domain is hardest, frustration
when multiple conversations are going on, withdrawal
from game experiences if not given special assistance
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Motor skills: Poor balance, learn at normal rate but
most have lower fitness scores
May result from congenital causes, disease, injury. A
severe orthopedic impairment that adversely
affects a child’s educational performance includes
impairments caused by congenital anomaly
(missing a limb), disease (arthritis), and other
causes (cerebral palsy, amputations, etc)
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Characteristics: Some are average to above IQ while
others have mild to severe learning disabilities
Cerebral Palsy is the orthopedic impairment found most
often in public schools. Can have “mild” (generalized
clumsiness or slight limp) to “severe” (dominated by reflexes,
unable to ambulate, unable to speak, almost no control of
motor function); Most common form is call spasticity which is
hypertension of the tendons and muscles (look and feel stiff);
the degree of severity depends on the different body parts
involved.