Transcript AIMS Vocabulary Review

AIMS Vocabulary Review
2012-2013
Unit 1 – Mendel to Microscope
heredity
Genetics
gene
- passing of traits from parent to offspring
- scientific study of heredity
- location on a chromosome containing genetic
instructions
dominant
- trait that tends to show up most often in a population
recessive
- form of trait that tends to recede or hide
BB
- write an example of a homozygous genotype
Dd
- write an example of a heterozygous genotype
Growth & Repair and Reproduction
- two types of cell division
chromosome - made of DNA; contains genes
DNA
- chemical from which genes are made
nucleus
- contains the chromosomes; “brains” of the cell
Unit 2 – Human Genetics
allele
phenotype
genotype
trait
- form of a gene (dominant and recessive)
- physical appearance of a gene
- two letters that represent a gene pair
- examples of this are blue eyes or brown hair
Unit 3 - Adaptations
competition - organisms fight for limited resources
symbiosis - a relationship where at least one organism
benefits
adaptation - physical characteristic or behavior that helps
survival
mutation - a change in a gene
parasitism - one organism benefits; one is harmed
mutualism - both organisms benefit in this relationship
commensalism - one organism is helped; the other is not
affected
natural selection- process of changes to organisms over time
migration - movement for a purpose
dormancy - plants do this to conserve energy
hibernation - animals do this to survive harsh winters
estivation - animals do this to survive harsh summers
Unit 4 – Forces and Motion
force
rate
speed
velocity
motion
- a push or a pull
- change in a variable per unit time
- equals distance divided by time
- speed plus direction
- change in position compared to a fixed
point
Unit 5 – Newton’s Laws
inertia
net force
mass
weight
- resistance to change in motion
- combination of all forces on an object
- measurement of the amount of matter
- measurement of the force of gravity on
an object
acceleration - increase or decrease in velocity
action
- a force exerted on an object
reaction - equal and opposite force produced
Unit 6 – Classification of Matter
period
group
atom
element
compound
mixture
heterogeneous
homogeneous
periodic
Chemistry
- row on the periodic table
- column on the periodic table
- smallest particle of matter
- simplest form of matter
- 2 or more elements chemically
combined
- 2 or more substances physically
combined
- mixture with individual parts visible
- mixture that looks the same throughout
- happens at a regular intervals
- the study of matter
Unit 7 – Properties of Matter
solution
- mixture where solute is completely dissolved
states of matter - solid, liquid, gas
solid
- definite volume and shape
liquid
- definite volume, changeable shape
gas
- changeable volume and shape
solubility
- ability of a substance to dissolve in another
soluble
- able to dissolve
insoluble
- NOT able to dissolve
acid
- pH less than 7, orange juice is an example
base
- pH greater than 7, baking soda is an example
neutral
- pH = 7, pure water is an example
oxidation
- chemical reaction with oxygen
precipitate - new solid created from two reacting liquids
melting point - temperature causing solid to change to liquid
boiling point - temperature causing liquid to change to gas