Transcript Biology Vocabulary

Biology Vocabulary
Word Group 12
HEREDITY
The passing of traits from parents
to offspring
GENETICS
The study of heredity
SELF-POLLINATION
The movement of pollen from the male
sex organs to the female sex organs of
flowers on the same plant
P GENERATION
The pure plants that Mendel
produced by self-pollination
CROSS-POLLINATION
The movement of pollen from the male
sex organs to the female sex organs of
flowers on different plants
F GENERATION
1
The plants that resulted when
Mendel cross-pollinated two
different kinds of plants
PUNNETT SQUARES
A model used to represent crosses
between organisms
GENE
The information about a trait that
a parent passes to its offspring
RECESSIVE GENE
A gene that is hidden by a
dominant gene
DOMINANT GENE
A gene that shows up in an
organism
GENOTYPE
An organism’s combination of
genes for a trait
PHENOTYPE
An organism’s appearance as a
result of its combination of genes
F GENERATION
2
The plants that resulted when
Mendel self-pollinated plants from
the F1 generation
FACTORS
The name that Mendel gave to
information about traits that
parents pass to offspring
SEX CHROMOSOME
A chromosome that determines
the sex of an organism
SEX-LINKED TRAIT
A trait that is determined by an
organism’s sex chromosomes
CARRIER
An organism that carries a gene
but does not show the effects of
the gene
IDENTICAL TWINS
Twins that have identical genes
FRATERNAL TWINS
Twins that do not have identical
genes
ENVIRONMENT
An organism’s surroundings
MUTATION
A change in a gene
BASE
A molecule found in DNA that is
used to code information
REPLICATE
To make a copy of
GENETIC DISORDER
A disorder or disease that is
caused by a mutated gene
SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA
A genetic disease in which a
person’s red blood cells have a
sickle shape
GENE POOL
The genes found within a
population
INBREEDING
Sexual reproduction between
organisms within a small gene
pool
HEMOPHILIA
A genetic disease in which a
person’s blood fails to clot
APPLIED GENETICS
The process of using knowledge
of genetics to affect heredity
SELECTIVE BREEDING
The process of breeding plants and
animals so that certain traits
repeatedly show up in future
generations
GENETIC ENGINEERING
The process of transferring genes
from one organism to another
GREGOR MENDEL
A monk who, while working with pea
plants, discovered that traits in
organisms are due to paired factors.
He is called the “Father of Genetics.”
ALLELES
An allele is one of two or more
versions of a gene. An individual
inherits two
alleles for each gene, one from each
parent.