Transcript Industrialization society and culture

Science and Medicine
• Scientists got a good look at cells and
discovered they were made up of smaller
organelles.
• Gregor Mendel, a monk, worked with pea
plants and discovered dominant and
recessive traits.
– Beginning of study of genetics.
Gregor Mendel
• Edward Jenner invented vaccinations.
– Dosing someone with weak or dead strains of
a disease, so antibodies are created.
• Jenner noticed milkmaids who got cowpox
did not get smallpox.
• Created the Smallpox Vaccine, virtually
wiping smallpox out.
Edward Jenner
• Louis Pasteur learned that heating, then
cooling liquids will kill any bacteria.
– Called Pasteurization.
• Anesthetics began to be used in surgery.
– Chloroform, laudanum, ether.
• Joseph Lister began working on
sterilizing hospitals and medical
equipment to prevent infection.
– Used a spray of carbolic acid.
Joseph Lister
Social Sciences
• Study of human behavior and interaction.
• Anthropology – Study of different
cultures, both past and present.
• Sociology – Study of people’s interactions
in society.
• Psychology – Study of the mind and
human behavior.
– Two major pioneers in psychology:
• Ivan Pavlov.
• Studied “conditioned response.”
– Train someone to behave a certain way to
stimulus.
• Studied “positive and negative
reinforcement.”
– Modify behavior through rewards and
punishments.
• Sigmund Freud.
• Founded Psychiatry, or the study and
treatment of mental illness.
• Believed that events subconsciously
affected behavior.
• Divided brain into 3 sections:
– Id – Crocodile brain.
– Ego – Conscious brain.
– Superego – Unconscious brain.
Literature
• New movement in literature –
Romanticism.
– View of life as it should be, not how it is.
• James Fenimore Cooper – “Last of the
Mohicans.”
– American Indians were “noble savages.”
• Brothers Grimm – Collected German
fairy tales.
– Little Red Riding Hood – Wolf ate part of
Grandma, chopped up the rest and served it
to Red, bottled Grandma’s blood and served it
as wine.
– Hansel and Gretel – Wolf eats breadcrumbs,
kids get lost; Dad finds them; Witch kills Dad;
Witch eats Hansel; Gretel gets away, comes
back and kills Witch.
• Mary Shelley – Frankenstein.
– Scary monster story, monster is
“misunderstood”.
• Bram Stoker – Dracula.
– Scary monster story.
• Sir Walter Scott – Ivanhoe.
– Noble, glorious knights.
• Goethe – Faust.
– Man makes deal with the Devil.
Music
• Ludwig van Beethoven.
• Franz Schubert.
• Frederick Chopin.
– All had powerful, passionate music.
• Pyotr Tchaikovsky – Russian.
– Wrote 1812 Overture to celebrate Napoleon’s
defeat at Waterloo.
• Richard Wagner – German.
– Ride of the Valkyries.
– Hitler’s favorite composer.
Ludwig van Beethoven
Franz Schubert
Frederick Chopin
Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Richard Wagner
Valkyrie
Art
• New art movement – Realism.
– Show things as they are, not as they ought to
be.