Transcript Anatomy and Physiology BIO 137

Project Lead The Way
Medical Intervention
Announcement
Everyone must read and understand
the PowerPoint posted on Weebly
under Unit 3 header
Unit 3.1
Detecting Cancer
Preface
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Cancer - #2 leading cause of death in the US (#1 is heart disease)
1/2 of all men and 1/3 of all women in the US will develop cancer
Term “cancer” encompasses more than 100 different diseases
All cancer cells share one important characteristic
- abnormal cells with un-regulate cell division
Most cancers are 1st recognized when signs or symptoms appear
Once cancer is suspected, it can be further investigated through
medical tests including X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans
Definitive diagnosis requires the histological examination (biopsy)
Once a diagnosis is confirmed, treatment can begin. The more that
is known about the cancer, the more effective the treatment can be
Preface
In this lesson you will be introduced to Mike Smith, the 16 yr old son in the Smith
family.
For the last couple of months, Mike has been experiencing pain in his upper arm
that may be indicative of cancer.
Through the exploration of Mike’s case, you will:
• Explore diagnostic techniques used to diagnose Mike’s particular cancer,
including diagnostic imaging and examination of cancerous tissue
• Look at the physiology of cancer and investigate the genes involved with cancer.
• Examine the technology that is being used to give researchers a better
understanding of the differences between gene expression in cancer cells versus
normal cells
• Learn ways that this technology is being used to potentially develop personalized
medicine for treating cancer.
Understandings
1) Cancer is a term used for more than 100 different diseases
in which cell regulation genes are mutated causing the
cells to reproduce out of control.
2) X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans are used to create pictures
of the inside of the body to diagnose and treat many
disorders.
3) Scientists use DNA microarray technology to determine
the differences in gene expression between different tissue
samples.
Knowledge and Skills
It is expected that students will:
1) Recognize that there are many different types of cancer, each
with specific risk factors, manifestations in the body, and
treatment options.
2) Describe the different uses for X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs as well
as how each technology works.
3) Describe the differences in the appearance of normal cells and
cancer cells.
4) Recognize that DNA microarrays measure the amount of mRNA
for genes that is present in a cell sample.
5) Use a microscope to compare normal cells and cancer cells.
6) Perform a simulated DNA microarray to analyze gene expression
patterns.
7) Calculate the correlation coefficient for gene expression
patterns between different individuals.
Essential Questions
1) What fundamental characteristics do all cancers have in common?
2) In what ways are diagnostic imaging technologies used to diagnose
and treat disorders?
3) What do DNA microarrays measure?
4) How is DNA microarray technology used to determine the
differences in gene expression between different tissue samples?
5) How are the similarities of gene expression patterns between
different individuals calculated?
Schedule Today
1) Finish Activity 3.1.1 Who Is Affected by Cancer
• Work with a partner to identify patterns or trends in the data
• Identify five conclusions about cancer
• 30-45 minutes
• Share 5 conclusions with class
2) Begin working on Activity 3.1.2.A- Diagnostic Imaging
• Diagnostic Imaging PowerPoint
• Handouts