Transcript PowerPoint 簡報 - Gadjah Mada University

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology ?
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The application of biological organisms, systems or
processes to manufacturing and service industries
The integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology and
engineering sciences in order to achieve technological
(industrial) application capabilities of microorganism,
cultured tissue cells and part thereof
A technology using biological phenomena by copying
and manufacturing various kinds of useful substance
The application of scientific and engineering
principles to the processing of materials by
biological-agents to provide goods and services
Biotechnology ?
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The science of the production processes based on the
action of microorganisms and their active components
and production processes involving the use of cells and
tissues from higher organisms. It was not included
medical technology, agriculture and traditional crop
breeding
The use of living organism and their component in
agriculture, food and other industrial processes
The use of microbial, animal and plant cells or enzymes to
synthesize, breakdown and transform materials
The integration of natural sciences and organisms, cells,
parts thereof and molecular analogues to product and
services
Stages of Biotechnology
Development
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Ancient biotechnology
early history as related to food and shelter; Includes
domestication
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Classical biotechnology
built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted
food production, and medicine
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Modern biotechnology
manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic
engineering
Stages of Biotechnology
Development
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Traditional/old biotechnology
The conventional techniques that have been used to
produce beer, wine, cheese, many other food
New/modern biotechnology
All methods of genetic modification by recombinant DNA
and cell fusion techniques, together with the modern
development of traditional biotechnological process
Areas of Biotechnology
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Organismic biotechnology
uses intact organisms; Does not alter
genetic material
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Molecular biotechnology
alters genetic makeup to achieve
specific goals
• Transgenic organism- an organism with
artificially altered genetic material
Biotechnology:
A collection of technologies
The Applications of
Biotechnology
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Medical Biotechnology
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Agricultural Biotechnology
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Diagnostics
Therapeutics
Vaccines
Plant agriculture
Animal agriculture
Food processing
Environmental Biotechnology
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Cleaning through bioremediation
Preventing environmental problems
Monitoring the environment
Plant agriculture
 Crop production and protection
• Genetically engineered (transgenic) crops
• Using biological methods to protect crops
• Exploiting cooperative relationships in nature
 Nutritional value of crops
• Improving food quality and safety
• Healthier cooking oils by decreasing the concentration of
saturated fatty acids in vegetable oils
• Functional foods
Foods containing significant levels of biologically active
components that impart health benefits
Plant Biotechnology
TRADITIONAL PLANT
BIOTECHNOLOGY
 breeding
 tissue culture
 inter-specific hybridisation
 mapping phenotypic/biochemical markers
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
a process to produce a genetically modified plant
by removing genetic information from an
organism, manipulating it in the laboratory and
then transferring it into a plant to change certain
of its characteristics .
Now use a molecular approach to manipulation:
 molecular markers & mapping
 gene cloning
 plant transformation
pathogen-derived genes
Exogenous genes
(non-plant genes)
bacterial genes
any other organism
Pathogen resistance
Applications:
Herbicide resistance
 transgenic
bioreactors
Delivery systems
Endogenous genes
(Plant genes)
Enzymes in biochemical pathway
Natural resistance genes
Mapping
Gene discovery
(functional genomics)
ESTs, libraries
Silencing, expression
Mutants, arrays
Applications:
markers
transgenic
Marker assisted breeding
Plant improvement
Outline
Plant Tissue Culture and Applications
I.
A.Plant Tissue Culture
B.Micro-propagation
1.
2.
Somatic Embryos
Chemicals from Plants
C.Other Uses of Tissue Culture
2.
Protoplast Fusion
Somaclonal Variation
3.
Germplasm Storage
1.
Plant Genetic Engineering
II.
A.Plant Transformation
B.Transgenic Plant
Outline
III.
IV.
Applications of Plant Genetic
Engineering
Introduction to molecular marker
V. A Bright Future
Grading system
Grade : 0 – 100
 A
 B–D
 E
> 80
→ 45 – 80 (Normal distribution)
< 45
Grade composition
Assignment
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30
Mid-term
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30
Final Exam
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40