The Gene… - Awesome Science Teacher Resources
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Transcript The Gene… - Awesome Science Teacher Resources
The Gene…
…That changed the world
This will explain:
What is a gene?
What is a sex-linked trait?
Identify Hemophilia
Show the implications of
ONE GENE on the ENTIRE
COURSE OF 20th CENTURY
HISTORY!
WHAT IS A GENE?
A gene is a portion
of…
…DNA that codes
for…
…a protein.
A gene is also
called…
…an EXON, because
it is…
…expressed as a
protein!
WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME?
A chromosome is a
collection of…
…genes (exons) separated
by…
…INTRONS (in between
the exons, which code
for…
…NOTHING!
CHROMOSOMES…
Come in pairs…
…one from each parent.
…They contain the same genes,
but…
…different alleles.
HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS!
What is a sex-linked trait?
It is more
common in
males, but also
found in females.
It is recessive.
It is found on
the…
…X Chromosome.
Sex Determination
Does NOT mean
you are
determined to
have sex!
It refers to
Females having…
XX chromosomes
Males having…
XY chromosomes
What is Hemophilia?
It is a blood clotting
disorder.
Victims lack ONE of
EIGHT proteins required
for blood to clot.
Victims may die from
cuts…or bruises!
It is a…
…sex-linked trait!
Cast of Characters
England’s Queen Victoria
The Russian Royal Family:
the Romanovs.
The Monk Rasputin
Lenin – Russia’s
Communist leader to be
Queen Victoria (1819 – 1901)
…Ruled England
for 64 years (1837
to 1901)
…had many
children.
…was a carrier for
Hemophilia, which
means she was…
HETEROZYGOUS!
The Romanovs: Tsar Nicholas II
The last Royal
leader of Russia.
He was forcibly
removed from
power, and…
…suffice to say
that he was given
a true burial only
in 1999!
The Romanovs: Tsarina Alexandra
She was Queen
Victoria’s
Granddaughter.
She was also a
German Princess,
back in the days
when royal
marriages were the
basis for strategic
alliances.
She inherited the
allele for Hemophilia
(a carrier).
The Romanovs: The Children
There were 5 children, but only a
male could be heir.
Olga (b. 11-15 -1895)
Tatiana (b. 6 -10 – 1897)
Maria (b. 6 -26 – 1899)
Anastasia (b. 6 -10 – 1901) more on
her later…
Alexis (b. 8 - 12 – 1804)
Alexis is the heir…
The Tsarevich!
The Romanovs: The Children
OLGA
MARIA
The Romanovs: The Children
TATIANA
ANASTASIA
And what of the heir?
As the only male, Alexis
was “destined to rule.”
As the son of a carrier of
Hemophilia (Alexandra).
He had a 50% chance of
inheriting the allele for
the disorder…
On the X chromosome
He did inherit it…
He was a Hemophiliac!
More on Alexis…
Hemophilia could be fatal
because the doctors didn't know
how to treat it.
Alexis was confined to bed for
long periods of time.
In 1912, he had an accident that
nearly cost him his life causing
him severe pain and fever.
He suffered so much that he said
to his mother: "When I'm dead, it
will not hurt anymore, will it,
Mama?“
He did survive through the help
of a man named Rasputin.
The “EVIL” ? Monk Rasputin
Born in 1871, far
from the capital of
St. Petersburg.
He was neither a
monk, nor a priest,
but members of the
Russian Orthodox
fell under his sway
as he entered the
imperial court.
Rasputin’s Healing Powers?
He may have stopped
the Tsarevich’s
screams of pain…
…But he could not
actually cure Alexis’s
Hemophilia!
The Hemophilia did
not kill Alexis…
Rasputin’s Influence…
Due to his supposed
healing powers, he
was given unrivaled
access to the Royal
family.
His corruption led to
the growing distrust
of the monarchy by
the people.
The First Revolution (1905)
The first revolution
by the Mensheviks
(those in the
minority) was a
failed attempt at a
democratic nation.
This led later (after
Rasputin became
involved) to another
revolution…
The Setting: Russia during WW1
The suffering and
unrest of the
Russian people was
great, especially
given the economic
disparity and
shortages during
the war.
The distrust of the
Tsarina added to
the unrest.
The Communist Revolution
The 2nd revolution
was a violent one…
Lenin and the
Bolshevik’s seized
power in October
1917, in the midst of
the chaos of World
War I.
Vladimir IIIyich Lenin (1870 – 1924)
The father of
Communism in
Russia.
He led the Bolshevik
revolution which led
to the Union of Soviet
Socialists Republics
(USSR).
He is body is
displayed in
Moscow’s Red
Square.
Denoument: The Romanovs
They were kidnapped during the
revolution.
All were assassinated on 7 – 17 –
1918!
Their body’s were not found until
late in the 20th century!
Denoument: The myth of Anastasia
Is was long assumed
she survived the
assassination.
A Russian woman
claimed for many
years to be
Anastasia.
…But her body was
later found with the
rest of the Royal
family.
The chain of History that Followed!
The rise of Communism.
The Fall of many eastern
European countries.
The Cold War.
The Development of N.A.T.O.
The buildup of the military
during times of peace, at the
expense of social programs.
The Conclusion?
Biology cannot be separated
from our lives.
It not only affects us as
individuals, but it also…
Has had a profound effect on
human history!
Those interested should read
up on infectious disease and
history!
It is all about MAKING
CONNECTIONS!