Transcript Scientific Method

Science

A way of knowing
about the natural
world, based on
observation and
experiments. These
can be confirmed or
disproved by other
scientists using
accepted scientific
techniques.
Scientific Method

A planned, organized
approach to solving a
problem.

How can we
remember the steps
of the scientific
method?
Scientific Method Steps
People Really Hate Eating Onion
Cakes Really!
Problem

A question that
needs an answer
(who, what, when,
where, why, how)
Research

Finding information to
help solve the
problem or answer
the question
Hypothesis

An educated guess.
A possible solution
to a problem about
the natural world that
can be tested.
Experiment

A data gathering
procedure used to
test a hypothesis.
Observation

Using one or more of
your senses to notice
objects or events.
Conclusion

It supports or does
not support the
hypothesis.

A result that has been
repeatedly confirmed.
Report

Sharing your findings
to replicate or confirm
your conclusion

http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni
h.gov/pmc/articles/PM
C180588/pdf/aac0016
4-0192.pdf
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Sept. 1986, p. 502-504
0066-4804/86/090502-03$02.00/0
Copyright C 1986, American Society for Microbiology
Vol. 30, No. 3
Mutation within the Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase Gene
Conferring Resistance to (R)-9-(3,4-Dihydroxybutyl)Guanine
HENRY C. CHIOU, KELVIN M. KERNS, AND DONALD M. COEN*
Department of Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Received 10 March 1986/Accepted 10 June 1986
Five herpes simplex virus mutants known or presumed to contain mutations in their
DNA polymerase genes conferring resistance to acyclovir and arabinosyladenine
also proved to exhibit some degree of resistance to
(R)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine (buciclovir). For one mutant, a buciclovir
resistance mutation was mapped to a region of the viral DNA polymerase gene
proposed to encode the deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate binding domain. These
data implicate the viral polymerase as a target of buciclovir action that contributes to
its antiviral selectivity.
Repeat

You should repeat the
experiment if your
conclusion does not
support your
hypothesis.
Experimental Set Up
Your experiment will have
 Control
 Constants
– Independent and Dependent
 Procedure
 Trials – How many times you repeat
experiment
 Make observations and collect data
 Variables
Control
 You
must have a “Control”:
The part of the experiment that does not
change. Allows comparison for the
experiment.
Used to show that the results of an
experiment are actually a result of the
condition being tested.
Constants
 An
experimental factor or quantity that
does not vary between control and
variables.
Variable - The one factor being
tested in an experiment
 Independent
Variable - The part of the
experiment that you intentionally change.
Variable – What is going to be
measured in response to the changing
independent variable.
 Dependent
Why must we have only
one independent variable in
an experiment?
If there is more than one variable, we
will not know what caused the results
we observed, thus making our
experiment invalid.
OPINION
A
persons
belief or idea
FACT
Something
that is
accepted as
being true
with
supporting
data.
CRITERIA
Standards
to judge facts to
make decisions
Example: grading criteria
Critical Thinking: Motion Lab
Description
Points Possible
Meets expectations
Thoroughly evaluates evidence
Justifies complete and logical conclusions
25
Correctly evaluates most evidence
Presents basic conclusions
20
Evaluates some evidence
Presents basic conclusions
15
Poorly evaluates evidence
Draws inadequate conclusions
10
Does not evaluate evidence
Draws inaccurate conclusions
5
Points Earned
Well- substantiated or
proven explanation of
some aspect of the
natural world.
THEORY
Confirmed through
laws, observations,
inferences and
successfully confirmed
hypotheses.
(The Big Bang Theoryhow the universe was
formed by a gigantic
expansion!)
LAW

A description about
how the natural world
behaves under stated
circumstances.

Example: For every
action there is an
equal and opposite
reaction
INFERENCE

The process of
drawing a conclusion
based only on what
one already knows.
 Example: You hear
rain on the roof so
you infer that the sky
is grey– If you look to
be sure that is an:
Observation
What is the difference between
a theory and a law?