Transcript Gender Variance

Gender Variance
How does it occur
When does it happen
7/18/2015
What is Gender? and What is Sex?
•
Sex biological classification "male" or
"female"
•
7/18/2015
Gender psychological identification "man" or
"woman"
When does it begin?
The very moment of conception
Studies are continually shedding more light
On how an embryo becomes male or female
And how this process sometimes goes array
7/18/2015
All embryos
Are identical in external appearance for the first
eight weeks
Several factors nudge the infant toward male or
female development
7/18/2015
In the seventh week
the embryo has both male and female primordial
ducts
In the normal female fetus, the millerian duct
system then develops into oviducts and a uterus
7/18/2015
Male
•
•
In the normal male fetus, the wolferian duct
system
each side develops into the epididymis and vas
deferens
7/18/2015
Genetalia
•
•
•
•
•
The external genitalia are bipotential until the
eighth week
The reproductive organs and genitals
associated with "female" or "male“
Come from the same initial (fetal) tissue
The urogenital slit disappears and male
genitalia form
Or it remains open, and female genitalia form.
7/18/2015
If the Egg
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fertilized with the x chromosome female
structures continue to mature
The default system.
Fertilized with the y chromosome
A hormonal switch occurs
Two genes are activated and the female
structures are completely dissolved
The male organs take their place.
7/18/2015
Some embryos step off track.
Rat mothers placed in stress
during the equivalent of the first trimester
• Have rat sons with female (Lordic) behavior.
•
7/18/2015
Fetal Endocrine
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Effects due to endocrine disrupting chemicals
Occur in concentrations as low as parts per trillion
The fetal endocrine system is more sensitive to
disruption than any other known body system.
Hormones from an external source
Many commonly used chemicals and materials
Are estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, androgenic, and antiandrogenic
These chemicals can also affect enzymes which
amplify the effect of hormones
7/18/2015
Disruptors
•
•
•
•
•
•
Endocrine disruptors in the fetus
Change this "correct" value to
Some value which is not programmed by genetics.
Chemicals modulate (up or down) the reception or
secretion of hormones in any of these glands
Change the concentrations of hormones which have
been programmed by genetics
Which are produced by the fetus during development.
7/18/2015
Disrupting Chemicals
•
•
•
•
•
•
Endocrine disrupting chemicals
Behave much like natural hormones
But interfering signals result in erroneous decisions at
the cellular level
The cell's receptors accept both endocrine disruptors
and natural hormones as valid signals
Communication between the central nervous system
and cells of the body
In part, controlled by hormones which act as chemical
messengers to direct the activity of cells.
7/18/2015
Exposure to Chemicals
•
•
•
•
•
•
Exposure to a wide variety of endocrine
disrupting chemicals
Present in the environment
Produce disruptions to the fetal endocrine
system
Which produce numerous developmental
anomalies
Including varying degrees of gender dysphoria
And intersex conditions
7/18/2015
Intersexual
•
•
•
•
There are 72 recognized conditions
Only some have ambiguous genetaila
Include those that are with out gene mapping
undetectable
Can include those that are XYY, XXY, XXYY
7/18/2015
Gender Variants
•
•
Can Include
CD Crossdressers, those that wear the clothing
of the other sex
•
•
•
Equally male and female (dual gender)
TG transgenderist Generally spend more time
in opposite sex role
TS Transsexuals Gender is the opposite of
birth sex
7/18/2015
Population
Are there any other transgendered people in your family?
Frequency
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid yes
15
13.6
13.6
no
49
44.5
58.2
unknown/don't
know
43
39.1
97.3
110
100
Total
7/18/2015
Identity
Gender Variance Identity
Valid
Frequency
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
crossdresser
28
25.5
25.5
transvestite
2
1.8
27.3
19
17.3
44.5
non-op transsexual
6
5.5
50
pre-op transsexual
17
15.5
65.5
Post op transsexual
22
20
85.5
other
13
11.8
97.3
3
2.7
100
110
100
transgendered
Missing
Total
7/18/2015
Conclusion
Most research points to a physiological reason
For Gender Variance
Who do you know that is?
7/18/2015
Who?
Who they are
7/18/2015
The first evidence
7/18/2015