Transcript Document
TRENDS IN THE USE OF CROPS DEVELOPED THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA AND THE WORLD NDSU BY: Dr. Duane R. Berglund Professor of Plant Science and NDSU Extension Agronomist Agriculture Biotechnology Terminology Used • • • • • GMO’s Transgenics GMC’s GM’s HTC’s Definition of Biotechnology • “ The application of science and engineering in the direct and indirect use of living organisms or parts or products of living organisms, in their natural or modified forms”. Agric. And Agric. Food Canada. • “ A collection of scientific techniques…… that are used to create, improve or modify plants, animals and microorganisms…U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. NDSU Agriculture NDSU Agriculture NDSU Agriculture NDSU Agriculture ‘Natural’ GM of Crops Works! • Corn grain yields have increased by 1.6 bushels per acre per year for the last 70 years. – Primarily due to ‘natural’ genetic modification (GM) and improved crop production technologies. NDSU Agriculture But, some worry… • The annual yield gain (1.6 bu/ac/yr) as a percent of the yield potential of the corn crop has been decreasing for the past 70 years. Nagging Question: Can we keep up with the increasing global need for food? NDSU Agriculture Rapid Adaptation – Biotech Crops Soybean Corn Cotton Canola 3 years 3 years 2-3 years 1-2 years BIO TECH CROPS – 2005 UNITED STATES USDA Estimates: Major Crops • 118 million acres in USA • 10 % Increase in acres • 30 fold increase since inception in 1996 2003 GM Major USA Crop Plantings NDSU Agriculture USA Major GM Crop Plantings NDSU Agriculture BIO TECH CROPS – 2005 UNITED STATES • 87% soybean acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant). • 63.8 Million Acres GM • NDSU 70% canola acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant and Liberty tolerant) • 700,000 Acres GM Agriculture BIO TECH CROPS - 2005 • 52% corn acres GM 26 % Bt only 17 % Herbicide tolerant only 9% Stacked gene Hybrids • 42.4 Million Acres GM in USA NDSU Agriculture BIO TECH CROPS - 2005 • 79% cotton acres GM 18% Bt only 27% Herbicide Tolerant only 34% Stacked gene cultivars • 11.1 Million Acres GM in USA NDSU Agriculture 2005 Biotech Crop Estimates NORTH DAKOTA • Corn - North Dakota 52 % Acres • Soybeans- North Dakota 89% Acres • Canola – USA including North Dakota 70% Acres or higher GM Soybeans in 2005 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 3-D Column 1 Neb. S. Dak. Minn N.Dak. Why Do Farmers Grow Herbicide Tolerant Soybeans NDSU Agriculture Herbicide Tolerant Crops – Benefits • Easy to use • Full spectrum weed control • No carryover residues (Liberty or Roundup) • Environmentally safe • Excellent crop safety • Wide application window (crop stages & weed stages) • Allowance for rescue weed control • Less cost?? NDSU • Control of larger weeds Agriculture Herbicide Tolerant Crops - Concerns Spray drift –non-target crops Multiple applications may be required Misapplication to non-resistant crop varieties Premium price for seed Short rotations resulting in added disease/insect problems Public non-acceptance of genetically altered crops Pollen movement to organically grown crops Resistant weed species (Expected in the future) Resistant volunteers to control NDSU • • • • • • • • • Agriculture Biotech Update/Status Other Crops • SUGARBEET: Roundup Ready is label approved – Liberty Tolerant is label approved However, Industry Processors will not accept!! • SUNFLOWER: (Imi) Clearfield sunflower – Hybrids in commercial Fields since 2002(Non-GM) • WHEAT: (Hard Red Spring): (Imi) Clearfield wheat – Available in 2002 – Roundup Ready – Presently placed on hold!! -Certain Markets not ready to accept!! NDSU • POTATO: Bt potato available and approved – Cultivars were withdrawn because of food safety/marketing issues Agriculture Number of Deregulated Articles (total) by Phenotype Category NDSU Agriculture Added Value Soybean Grain and Grain Products 38% Protein 30% Carbohydrate 18% Oil Protein Quality Energy, Digestibility Increased Stability Healthy Oils NDSU Agriculture Waves of Productivity Improvement INDUSTRIAL & NOVEL PRODUCTS Renewable Polymers Chemical Feedstocks Nutraceuticals CROP PROTECTION Insect Resistance Disease Resistance Herbicide Tolerance • FEED Nutrition Environment Meat Quality • FOOD Health Nutrition Flavor • PLANT PERFORMANCE Drought Tolerance Cold Tolerance Maturity • GERMPLASM BASE - THE FOUNDATION NDSU Time Agriculture There is a huge hungry world to feed (Growing Population). There has never been a greater need for aggressive agricultural research! There has never been more promise of what research can accomplish! NDSU Agriculture Thanks for your attention ANY QUESTIONS NDSU Agriculture