Transcript point of view that is personal rather than scientific

Each daughter cell receives its
own copy of the parent cell’s
DNA during .
cell division
During which phase in the cell
cycle does mitosis happen?
M phase
When during the cell cycle is a
cell’s DNA replicated?
S phase
G1, S, and G2 phases are part
of what phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
The structure labeled A is
called the
centromere.
During which phase of mitosis
do the chromosomes line up
along the middle of the
dividing cell?
metaphase
What are the phases of mitosis
in their proper sequence?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The two main stages of cell
division are called
mitosis and cytokinesis.
What type of cells form a cell
plate during cytokinesis.
Plant cells
Cancer is a disorder in which
some cells have lost the ability
to control their
growth rate.
Cancer cells form masses of
cells called
tumors.
These have the potential to
develop into other cell types.
stem cells
The different forms of a gene
are called
alleles.
When Gregor Mendel crossed
a tall plant with a short plant,
the F1 plants inherited
one allele from each parent.
If a pea plant’s alleles for
height are tt, what is true of its
parents?
Both parents contributed a
recessive allele.
Organisms that have two
identical alleles for a particular
trait are said to be
homozygous.
His principles of genetics
apply to all organisms.
Gregor Mendel’s
A breed of chicken shows
codominance for feather color.
One allele codes for black
feathers, another codes for white
feathers. The feathers of
heterozygous chickens of this
breed will be
speckled.
Situations in which one allele
for a gene is not completely
dominant over another allele
for that gene are called
incomplete dominance.
In rabbits, there are four
different versions of the gene
for coat color. What pattern of
inheritance is this?
multiple alleles.
Variation in human skin color
is an example of
polygenic traits.
If an organism’s diploid
number is 24, its haploid
number is
12
Gametes are produced by the
process of
meiosis.
What is shown
crossing-over
Unlike meiosis, mitosis results
in the formation of
diploid cells.
True of False
meiosis I produces 2 haploid
daughter cells, but mitosis
produces 2 diploid daughter
cells.
true
What stores information in a
cell?
DNA
shows the structure of
a DNA molecule.
Because of base pairing in
DNA, the percentage of
guanine molecules in DNA is
about equal to the percentage
of
cytosine molecules
Which scientist(s) figured out
that the shape of a DNA
molecule is a double helix?
Watson and Crick
Which scientist made x-ray
diffraction photos of DNA?
Franklin
In eukaryotes, _____ is located
in the nucleus.
DNA
RNA is usually single-stranded
or double-stranded
single-stranded
Which type of RNA brings the
information in the genetic code
from the nucleus to other parts
of the cell?
mRNA
The cell uses a messenger
RNA code to make proteins
during what process?
translation
Which is the correct sequence
of the transfer of information
in most organisms?
DNA to RNA to protein
True of false
Most mutations have no effect
on an organism.
True
Gene regulation in eukaryotes
allows for cell specialization.
The basic body structure of the
fly is determined by a cluster
of
Hox genes
The process of making changes
in the DNA code of a living
organism is called
genetic engineering.
What is shown
DNA fingerprints
The genes carried by all
members of a particular
population make up the
population’s
gene pool.
A change in the genetic
material of a cell is called a
mutation.
Genetic recombination
includes the independent
movement of chromosomes
during meiosis as well as
crossing-over.
A single-gene trait that has two
alleles and that shows a simple
dominant-recessive pattern
will result in
two phenotypes.
sickle cell anemia in humans.
is an example of a
single-gene trait
The frequency of phenotypes
for a typical ______________
is most often illustrated as a
bell-shaped curve.
polygenic trait
The situation in which allele
frequencies in the gene pool of
a population remain constant is
called
genetic equilibrium.
The separation of populations
by barriers such as rivers,
mountains, or bodies of water
is called
geographic isolation.
Although they often live in the
same habitat, the American
toad breeds earlier in the
spring than the Fowler’s toad
does. What can be inferred
from this information?
The two species do not interbreed
because of temporal isolation.
In the Grants’ study of the
Galápagos finches, what
process was encouraged by
ecological competition during
the dry season?
directional selection
Patterns of embryological
development are controlled
by?
Hox genes
One goal of scientists is to
assign every organism a
universally accepted name
according to the system known
as
binomial nomenclature.
Based on their names, you
know that the baboons Papio
annubis and Papio
cynocephalus do NOT belong
to the same
species.
the science of naming and
grouping organisms is
Systematics
In Linnaeus’s system of
classification, how many levels
are there?
seven
Several different families make
up an
order
Which are the two highest
level taxa in the Linnaean
system?
phylum and kingdom
Animals that are warmblooded, have body hair, and
produce milk for their young
are grouped in the class
Mammalia.
The only “natural” taxa in
Linnaeus’s system is the
species.
In biology, a trait that arose in
an ancestor and is passed along
to its descendants is referred to
as a
derived character.
Each _______ on a cladogram
represents the last point at
which two groups shared a
common ancestor.
node
The four kingdoms of
eukaryotes are
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
Which kingdom contains
heterotrophs with cell walls of
chitin?
Fungi
Why is the kingdom Protista
not valid under evolutionary
classification?
Protista contains groups that share closest
common ancestors with other groups, rather than
with each other.
The domain that corresponds
to the kingdom Eubacteria is
Bacteria.
The three-domain system
recognizes fundamental
differences between two
groups of
prokaryotes.