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CELL RESPIRATION both Plants & Animals do this! • They both have to break down food molecules to use the energy and release H2O & CO2 as by products • Remember the Tree diagram! CO2 came out of the tree’s roots & H2O comes out of the leaves • FORMULA IS: • C6H12O6 + O2----ATP + CO2 + H20 Mitochondrial Structure Nature Wastes Nothing! Everything is recycled. Products of Cell Respiration Reactants of Cell Respiration ATP Overview of Glycolysis http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.ht ml Reactant Borrowed made products GLYCOLYSIS The 1st Step Starts with the break down of Glucose (or any organic compound) • Occurs in the CYTOPLASM of cells • 1. GLUCOSE is split into two 3 carbon carbons called PYRUVATE. • This requires energy from 2 ATP‘S, which have to be borrowed from the cell. • Also, the Hydrogen from glucose is added to the electron carrier NAD+. H+ is added to NAD+ to become NADH. This is called a reduction. (gain of electrons) • The PRODUCTS of Glycolysis are: • 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 PYRUVATES • 4 ATP’s are actually made, but 2 were used to break up glucose. So, the net gain is 2 ATP’s. Use this diagram to answer ?’s 1. List the Reactant that starts glycolysis 2. List the 3 products that are made 3. Include the net # for each product 4. What product is the e- carrier? 5. Is glucose oxidized or reduced? • Glycolysis What happens to the Pyruvate Mrs. B? • The product from the enzymatic reaction is called?______ • This happens inside the Mitochondria’s inter membrane space. Step 2 Conversion of Pyruvate for use in the Krebs Cycle • The 2 pyruvates need to be used from Glycolysis for the Krebs cycle to make more ATP. • However, the pyruvate needs to have an enzyme convert it to another product so it can be used inside of the Mitochondria • The Enzyme is called CoenzymeA. The substrate then is ?____________. What happens to the NADH from Glycolysis? http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_nad__works.html • It goes to step 3 the Electron Transport Chain to be used to make more ATP. Overview of One Cycle of the Krebs Cycle http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs_cycle_w orks__quiz_1_.html Step 3 of Cell Respiration The Krebs Cycle AKA CITRIC ACID • • • • Oxygen must be present! 2 Acetyl CoA’s now enter the Krebs cycle. For each Acetyl CoA we get: 1. cycle in the Krebs cycle to make, 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH (etransporters) • So how many cycles, ATP, NADH and FADH will occur in total? Let’s look at your diagram. NADH & FADH! ELECTRON TRANSPORTERS! Step 4 Electron Transport Chain • What are we transporting? • What was created in Glycolysis and in Krebs that has not been used yet? • Let’s refresh our memories! Electron Transport Chain on the inner membrane • NADH & FADH ARE USED TO CARRY H eALONG THE ETC. • The energy from passing along the electrons allows H+ to pass from the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX to the MITOCHONDRIAL INTERMEMBRANE SPACE • EXTRA H+ will also combine with Oxygen in the cell to make… • WATER ATP Synthase Channel & the power of H+ protons http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/atpsyn1.swf STEP 5 ATP SYNTHASE http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie-flash.htm • H+ PROTONS NEED TO GET BACK INTO THE MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX • They do this using a membrane protein, The ATP SYNTHASE CHANNEL • ADP becomes ATP when the H+ enters the ATP synthase channel. A PO4 is added • THIS makes 34 MOLECULES OF ATP! CELL RESPIRATION USING O2 http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ce/m5/s8/ ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION We don’t need no stinking O2! • • • • There are 2 kinds 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation 2. Alcohol Fermentation Organisms do this type of respiration in the absence of oxygen Anaerobic Respiration Alcohol Fermentation yeast do this! • It still begins w/Glycolysis to make 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 Pyruvate • Pyruvate loses CO2 which then becomes Ethanol (an alcohol) • NADH becomes oxidized to NAD+ and is recycled back for glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation Our muscles do this! • It still begins w/Glycolysis to make 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 Pyruvate • Pyruvate is oxidized to become Lactate by the NADH • NADH oxidizes to NAD+ and is recycled back to glycolysis. Guess what? • We’re done! • Yippee! ANAEROBIC HOLISTIC LAB • 1. What items did you not use/why? • 2. How will you prove the yeast are performing anaerobic respiration? • 3. How long did it take to see the results of your experiment? • 4. Was your experiment successful? Why? • 5. What are the reactants & products in your experiment? • 6. Show the other group your set up when both are finished.