Transcript Harvesting energy - California Lutheran University

Harvesting energy
Genes and Development
Biology 122
Substrate level phosphorylation
Glycolysis
• The overall energy balance for glycolysis
is as follows:
Priming
Harvest
-2 ATP [use to add phosphates]
+4 ATP [get from phosphates]
+2 NADH
__________________________________
Net
+2 ATP
+2 NADH
Oxidation of pyruvate
• Acetyl-CoA has a central role in metabolism
• Not only are sugars broken down to acetyl-CoA,
but fats are also broken down to it. In addition,
some amino acids in proteins also get broken
down into acetyl-CoA
• Acetyl-CoA is also used to make fats and some
amino acids
The Citric acid cycle
• Energy summary: The complete
oxidation of each acetyl-CoA yields
•
•
•
•
one GTP (equivalent to one ATP)
3 NADHs
one FADH2
two CO2 molecules are released
ATP synthase tutorial (Marcey site)
ATP synthase animation
Without oxygen
Pyruvate
With oxygen
H2O
O2
CO2
NAD+
NADH
NADH
Acetaldehyde
ETC in mitochondria
Acetyl-CoA
NAD+
NADH
Lactate
NAD+
Krebs
Cycle
Ethanol