Transcript Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration
Adenosine Triphosphate
• Universal energy carrier of the cell
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Active transport
Reproduction
Movement
Muscle contractions
Protein synthesis
• Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O  ADP + Pi + Energy
• Energy used to produce heat & drive processes
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
• Primarily in mitochondria
• Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP
• Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs)
and producers (autotrophs)
Glycolysis
• Start: Glucose (6carbon molecule)
• 2ATP energizes the
glucose
– Phosphate breaks
from ATP
• Glucose (6C) broken
into two Pyruvates
(3C)
• Finish:
Two pyruvates
4 ATPs
NADH (H carriers)
Glycolysis Summary
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
• Step 1: Pyruvate broken down
– Pyruvate (3C) is split into Acetic Acid (2C) and CO2
– More NADH created
• Step 2: Coenzyme A
– Acetic Acid (2C) combines with coenzyme A to
create Acetyl-CoA (2C)
• Step 3: Citric Acid formed
– Acetyl-CoA (2C) binds with 4C molecule (from previous
Kreb’s cycle)
– Citric Acid (6C) created
• Step 4: Citric Acid broken down
– Citric Acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule
– CO2 waste created
– More NADH created
• Step 5: 5C molecule broken down
– 5C molecule broken down into 4C molecule
– CO2 waste created
– More NADH created
– ATP created
• Step 6: 4C molecule rearranged
– Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule
– More NADH, FADH2 created
Kreb’s Summary
• 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create:
– 6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2
Electron Transport Chain
• Step 1: Electrons removed
– Electrons removed from NADH and FADH2
• Step 2: Hydrogen Ions Transported
– Proteins pump H+ ions across inner membrane of
mitochondria
– H+ ions accumulate
• Step 3: ATP produced
– H+ ions diffuse through protein channels to bind
ADP + Pi
– 34 ATP created
• Step 4: Water created
– Oxygen binds with H+ ions to create 6H2O as
a waste