Transcript Notes

Get out worksheet from yesterday and
Nucleotides
1. Combine the nucleotides of your
choice to create one strand of DNA
2. Then create the compliment strand of
DNA
3. Compare your strand to your to your
neighbors strand and finish the
worksheet.
Regents Biology
Protein Synthesis Warm Up
1. What is a code?
2. How does a code work?
3. What do you think “genetic code”
means?
Regents Biology
RNA
vs.
DNA
RNA
 ribose sugar
 nitrogen bases



G, C, A, U
U:A
C:G
 single stranded
 Found inside &
outside the
nucleus
Regents Biology
DNA
 deoxyribose sugar
 nitrogen bases



G, C, A, T
T:A
C:G
 double stranded
 Only found inside
the nucleus
Based on what you
know about DNA and
RNA, describe what
you see happing to the
DNA molecule
in the image
to the left.
Regents Biology
Protein Synthesis
Protein Making
Regents Biology
Goal
 Understand the Overall process of protein
synthesis (transcription + translation)
 Know the Roles
DNA
 mRNA
 tRNA

Regents Biology
Organelles used in Protein Synthesis
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Protein Synthesis
 is the process (steps)
of sharing
the information in
the genes of DNA
out of the nucleus
to the ribosomes
to create proteins,
which create
your traits
Regents Biology
Protein Synthesis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
aa
aa
aa
Read DNA blueprint
Create a (single strand) mRNA copy
Leave Nucleus
Goes to Ribosome (cytoplasm)
Ribosome reads RNA
tRNA brings amino acid
Ribosome combines amino acids
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
cytoplasm
DNA can’t get
out!
aa
build
proteins
mRNA
nucleus
ribosome
Regents Biology
Draw this in your spiral
Cell
Ribosome
DNA
mRNA
protein
trait
nucleus
Regents Biology
Draw this in your spiral
Cell
Ribosome
DNA
mRNA
protein
trait
nucleus
Regents Biology
Protein Synthesis Story Time
It was Christmas time in the land of Celltopia.
There was a princess stuck in her Nucastle
because of a broken foot. She really wanted a the
gift of blonde hair and green eyes, but she would
never make it in time to Santa’s Ribo factory!! So
she came up with the idea to write her Christmas
list down and give it to her guard. The guard took
off with her list on his horse to find one of
Santa’s elves who worked in the ribo-facotry and
he immediately began reading her list and
producing her blonde hair present, and green
eye present. On Christmas morning the princess
woke up and opened her presents, “yay!!!!” she
exclaimed, she now had blonde hair and green
eyes!!
Regents Biology
Correctly Match the photos from the story to your diagram.
Cell
Ribosome
DNA
mRNA
protein
trait
nucleus
Regents Biology
aa
aa
aa
From nucleus to cytoplasm
aa
aa
aa
transcription
DNA
translation
mRNA
aa
aa
aa
protein
aa
trait
nucleus
Regents Biology
cytoplasm
DNA
mRNA
First Step - Transcription
 Transcribes DNA to
mRNA
 DNA strand is the
template (pattern)

match bases
U : A
G:C
 mRNA leaves
nucleus into cytoplasm
Regents Biology
2nd Step – Translation mRNA to protein
 mRNA converted to protein shapes



in the ribosome
Ribosome read
3 nitrogen bases
at a time
Codon:
3 nitrogen bases
creates 1 amino acid
tRNA
brings the
amino acid
Regents Biology
Rib
Protein Synthesis =
Transcription + Translation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA
Regents Biology
Get out the Diagram from Friday
 In your
table groups complete the transcription
translation
diagram
Regents Biology
Check Point!
Match the analogies to the
appropriate biological structure. Word Bank
 The Blueprint
 The instructions
 The reader
 The transporter
DNA
tRNA
Ribosome
DNA (blueprint) provides the information, the
mRNA
mRNA (instructions) copies the message, the
ribosome (reader) de codes the message, and the
tRNA (transporter) brings one amino acid to the
ribosome
over and over again to build a protein.
Regents Biology
Answer the following questions
1. Name the two steps of protein synthesis
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(in order).
What is the role of DNA in protein
synthesis?
What is the role of mRNA?
What is the role of tRNA (use the word
amino acid &protein)?
How is DNA transcribed?
During translation, how does mRNA
produce proteins?
Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA
 Double stranded DNA unzips
T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T CG T A C CG T
Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA
 Match RNA bases to DNA
C
G
bases on one of the DNA
strands
 U instead of T is matched
to A
AG
A
U
A
G
G
U
U
C
A
C
G
A
U
A
C
A C C
RNA
polymerase
A
U
G
T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T CG T A C CG T
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U
C
Matching bases of DNA & RNA
 U instead of T is matched to A
DNA
aa
aa
aa
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGG
aa
aa
aa
mRNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCC
aa
aa
aa
aa
ribosome
A C C A U G U C G A U C A G U A G C A U G G C A
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cytoplasm
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
proteinaa
aa
aa
aa
nucleus
ribosome
A C C A U G U C G A U C A G U A G C A U G G C A
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trait
The mRNA code
 For ALL life!

strongest support
for a common origin
for all life
 Code has duplicates


several codons for
each amino acid
mutation insurance!
 Start codon


AUG
methionine
 Stop codons

UGA, UAA, UAG
Regents Biology
How are the codons matched to
amino acids?
DNA
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGG
mRNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCC
codon
tRNA
amino
acid
UAC
Met
GCA
Arg
CAU
anti-codon
Val
 Anti-codon = block of 3 tRNA bases
Regents Biology
From gene to protein
aa
aa
transcription
DNA
aa
translation
protein
aa
mRNA
aa
aa
aa
ribosome
A C C A U G U C G A U C A GU A GC A U GGC A
nucleus
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tRNA
cytoplasm
aa
trait
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Protein Synthesis Activity!!
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From gene to protein
protein
transcription
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translation