Transcript Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and
Fermentation
even though
this equation
is a bit of a lie…
it makes a
better story
Energy cycle
sun
Photosynthesis
light
CO2 + H2O + energy C6H12O6 + O2
plants
CO2
H2O
animals, plants
glucose O2
ATP
C6H12O6 + O2  energy + CO2 + H2O
Cellular Respiration
The Great Circle
of Life,Mufasa!
ATP
ATP
ATP is biological energy
ATP + water  ADP + P = energy
When you break the bond you get
energy
ATP = stored energy
ADP = used energy
Cellular Respiration
 Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose
and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
C6H12O6
Glucose
+
6O2 
ATP
energy
+
6CO2
+
6H2O
38 ATP
produced
Oxygen
required
2 ATP
needed
Cytoplasm
If no oxygen
is present then
fermentation occurs
CO2
released
4 ATP
produced
2 ATP
produced
34 ATP
produced
Glycolysis
(occurs in cytoplasm)
Break down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules
Glucose has 6 carbon
Pyruvate has 3 carbon
No oxygen in required (anaerobic)
Needs 2ATP to happen
Generates 4ATP
Net gain of 2ATP at the end of the process
After Glycolysis
If oxygen is present, pyruvate moves to
mitochondria where cellular respiration
occurs.
If not oxygen is present, pyruvate is used
for alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation.
Cellular respiration occurs in two steps
Kreb’s cycle or citric acid cycle
Produced 2ATP
Electron transport chain
Produced 34 ATP
Both processes require oxygen
and occur in the mitochondria
Kreb’s cycle
 Pyruvic acid produced from glycolysis is used to make
Carbon dioxide
NADH
ATP
FADH2
 4 ATP are produced for immediate use for cell processes
 NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport
chain to make more energy
 CO2 is released from the cell
Electron transport chain
The ETC used high energy electrons from the
Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
ETC is composed of a series of carrier proteins in
the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Water is produced and released at the end of
the ETC.
34 ATP are produced in the end
Fermentation
Two types
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
Both processes do not require oxygen (anaerobic)
and occur after glycolysis.
Alcoholic fermentation
Yeasts and a few other microorganisms use this
process
CO2 bubbles that are released from this process
cause bread to rise.
Also used to make beer and wine
Lactic acid fermentation
 Occurs in humans and other eukaryotes
 Muscle cramps are caused by a build up of lactic acid
When you exercise vigorously, the large muscles run
out of oxygen quickly.
Your muscles quickly produce ATP using lactic acid
fermentation.
Lactic acid builds up which causes your muscles to
ache.