Transcript Central Dogma

Central Dogma
HOW THE GENETIC CODE IS
EXPRESSEDFROM GENE TO A TRAIT
Central Dogma




DNA produces m-RNA
M-RNA or messenger Ribonucleic Acid. The
code of DNA is in m-RNA but in different
language.
RNA produces protein. The m-RNA codes for
the amino acids to produce a particular protein
DNA  RNA  Protein – This is the
central dogma
3 MAJOR PARTS OF
GENETIC EXPRESSION
• Replication
– DNA making more DNA
• Transcription
– Making RNA from DNA
• Translation
– Assembling amino acids from RNA
Outline of Genetic Expression
DNA
Replication
Transcription
RNA
AMINO ACID
Translation
Transcription – Occurs in nucleus - DNA unwinds and one strand is used as a
template to make m-RNA
 RNA nucleotides join up with DNA nucleotides
 RNA nucleotides have 3 parts
1. Sugar (Ribose)
2. Phosphate
3. Base – 4 possible bases – A, C, G, U for Uracil
During transciption:
A bonds with U
C bonds with G

RNA is a straight chain made of RNA nucleotides
Once m-RNA is made, it leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. Do
transcription with this link
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/
Process of translation






In translation, DNA enters the cytoplasm and goes to a
ribosome to make a protein
Protein – a large molecule made by bonding amino
acids. The proteins are responsible for producing the
trait
CODON – every 3 bases of m-RNA is a codon and
codes for one amino acid.
t -RNA or transfer Ribonucleic acid “reads” the codon
and brings the amino acid to the ribosome.
This continues until a protein is made.
Proteins produce the traits coded for by DNA
Summary of Genetic Expression
CENTRAL DOGMA
DNA  m-RNA  PROTEIN
DNA, too large to leave the nucleus, has code in its
bases to make proteins
 Gene – A series of DNA bases that codes for a protein
 Transcription - m-RNA is made from DNA with the
DNA code in it.
 Translation
m- RNA goes to a ribosome. Every 3 m-RNA bases is
a codon and codes for one amino acid. t- RNA brings
the amino acids to the ribosome.
The protein is responsible for producing the trait
