Transcript Chapter 2 Lesson 1

CHAPTER 2 LESSON 1
Cells and Life
Cell Theory
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Matthias Schleiden- German ScientistStudied plant cells
Theodor Schwann- German ScientistStudied Animal Cells
Both realized that plants and animals are made of
cells
Cell Theory cont.
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Rudolf Virchow- (Vur Koh)- a German Doctor
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Proposed that all cells come from pre- existing cells
Cell Theory
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1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the smallest unit of life
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Basic Cell Substances
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Macromolecules- form by joining many small
molecules together
 Proteins
 Lipids
 Carbohydrates
 DNA
 Water-
all cellular function is dependent on water
Water
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70 % of cell volume is water
Water is found inside the cell as well as outside the cell
Insulate the body
 Aids in dissolving other substances
 The molecule has positive end that attracts negatively
charged molecules.
 The negative end attracts positively charged molecules.
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Proteins
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Long chains of amino acid molecules
There are twenty common amino acids
12 amino acids are made by the body
8 amino acids are essential- meaning that you need
to get them in your diet
RNA contains the instruction for making proteins
Purpose of proteins
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Communication between cells- cells communicate
with chemical messages
Transport substances in the cell
Some act as enzymes which speed up chemical
reactions
 Amylase-
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found in saliva starts the breakdown of sugar
Structural support- hair, horns, and feathers
 Keratin-
found in hair
Lipids
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Large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water
Fats
Made of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
Purpose
 Protective-
major part of cell membranes
 Energy Storage
 Cell communication
Carbohydrates
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Composed of chains of sugar molecules
Most common sugar molecule is glucose
Purpose
 Quick
energy
 Structural support- cellulose in cell walls
 Communication between cells
 Store energy- especially starches
Nucleic acids
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DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid
Nucleotides are the
building blocks
Includes instruction for
cell growth, cell
reproduction, and cell
processes
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RNA- ribonucleic acid
Nucleotides are the
building blocks
Protein synthesis
Nucleic acid
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DNA
Adenine- thymine
Guanine- Cytosine
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RNA
Adenine- Uracil
Guanine- Cytosine