Transcript phospho lipidsx

THERE ARE TWO CLASSES OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS:
1. Those that have glycerol as a backbone and
2. Those that contain sphingosine.
Both classes are found as structural components
of
membranes, and both play a role in the
generation of lipid-signaling molecules.
Types of phospholipids
• The simplest glycerophospholipid is phosphatidic acid
(PA)
• It consists of glycerol, phosphate, and 2 fatty acyl
chains in ester linkages
• Phosphatidic acid is the parent compound for all
• PO4 with additional group form Polar head.
• 2 Fatty acids form non polar tail.
• Amphipathic molecule
THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP
OF MEMBRANE LIPIDS. THEY INCLUDE
phosphatidylcholine (lecithin),
phosphatidylethanolamine,
phosphatidylserine,
phosphatidylinositol,
sphingomyelin.
and
Types of Glycero-phospholipids
1. Phosphotidyl Choline. (Lecithin)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Present in membrane, plasma, & bile
Forms component of cell membrane
Decrease surface tension of aqueous later of lung
Detergent property solubilize cholesterol in bile (Gall stone)
LCAT esterify cholesterol in HDL
2. Phosphotidyl Ethanol amine.(Cephalin)
1. Brain lipid
Types of Glycero-phospholipids
3. Phosphotidyl Serine.
Apoptosis
4. Phosphotidyl Inositol
1. Precursor of Second Messengers
5. Phosphatidyl Glycerol.
6. Cardiolipin.
3.
Mitochondrial Membranes
In membranes, the hydrophobic portion of a
phospholipid molecule is associated with the
nonpolar portions of other membrane
constituents, such as glycolipids, proteins, and
cholesterol.
The hydrophilic (polar) head of the phospholipid
extends outward, interacting with the
intracellular
or
extracellular
aqueous
environment
INOSITOL phospholipids in the cell membrane act
as precursors of hormone second messengers
Phospholipids also take part in the metabolism of
many other lipids. Some phospholipids have
specialized functions; eg,
DIPALMITOYL LECITHIN is a major component of lung
surfactant, which is lacking in respiratory distress
syndrome of the newborn.
platelet-activating factor is an
alkylphospholipid.
PLASMALOGEN,
Nonmembrane-bound
phospholipids
serve
additional functions in the body, for example,
essential
components
of
bile,
where
their
detergent properties aid in the solubilization of
cholesterol.
Neurotransmitters
Neurons must be able to
communicate with each other
they do this by passing on signals.
There are two types of ways
neurons signal one another, both
result in a charge flowing from
one neuron to the next.
Neurotransmitters are one way
neurons signal each other. One
neuron
releases
a
“neurotransmitter” and the other
neuron has special receptors that
bind to the transmitter thus
sending information. There are
hundreds of neurotransmitters..
This is a
picture
of
three
neurons,
each neuron
is connected
to at LEAST
one
other
neuron. The
zoomed in
portion
shows how
neurotransm
itters
are
released
from
one
neuron and
bind to the
next.
As discussed previously your brain requires
large amounts of glucose as a fuel source.
But your brain requires other resources as
well. Brains need a variety of vitamins,
minerals, amino acids, and lipids to function.
Brains do more then use energy they also
form new synapses (learning), make repairs
to
damaged
cells,
produce
neurotransmitters, and more. All of these
tasks require a variety of materials for
successful brain function.
Malnutrition
while the brain is growing leads to obvious
problems. It’s like running out of lumber
before the house is built- no lumber the
house does not get built, no nutrition - the
brain does not get built. Remember if your
body is starved so is your brain.
Diet