Transcript Red Cell concentrate - Jannali

Blood
By: Sophie Gollan
Consists of two main parts:
• Plasma –
Blood plasma is a mixture of proteins, enzymes,
nutrients, wastes, hormones and gases.
- Proteins
- Nitrogenous waste
- Nutrients- These include glucose, amino acids,
lipids (fats), cholesterol, phospholipids, vitamins
and minerals.
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxygen
- Electrolytes (salts)
- Water
• Cellular components- Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- White blood cells (leukocytes)
- Platelets
Extracted parts of donated blood:
Prepared by
allowing the blood
to separate by
centrifuging.
Plasma is then
removed.
The buffy
coat layer
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Red cell concentrate
Platelet concentrate
White cell concentrate
Plasma
Leucocyte filters can be
used to remove virtually all
the white cells after the
whole blood is separated
through a centrifuge.
• Cryoprecipitate
Removed from plasma by freezing and then
slowly removing liquid plasma.
Spun briefly in a
centrifuge, and
the components
separate into
layers
Separated from whole blood
by centrifugation or allowing
the red cells to settle under
gravity in a blood bank
refrigerator.
Contains Factor
VIII
Uses:
•
Red Cell concentrate-
Used to boost the oxygen-carrying capacity of
patients with anaemia or after blood loss.
•
White cell concentrate-
Given to patients following a severe infection to
boost their immune system.
•
Platelet concentration-
Given to leukaemia sufferers or patients suffering
from severe blood loss for extra blood clotting
capability
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Plasma-
Given in emergency to boost the volume of blood
following severe blood loss.
•
Cryoprecipitate-
Contains blood-clotting factors, to treat severe
bleeding.
•
Factor VIII-
Used to treat haemophilia- blood will not clot
properly.
A liquid that can carry large amounts of oxygen
and can serve as a temporary substitute for
blood.
Artificial blood is only designed to carry
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Research is going into the development of
artificial blood. This is needed because fresh,
donated blood cannot be stored for long
periods, and can cause immune-responses
(rejection) in patients.. Donated blood can
also carry diseases such as Hepatitis and
AIDS.
There are two areas of research for artificial
blood: Haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
and complete blood substitutes based on
chemicals called perfluorocarbons.
Advantages of blood substitutes:
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Non-toxic and disease free
Don’t need refrigeration for storage and
can be kept for longer periods.
Universal acceptance by all blood groups.
Readily available- solves worldwide
problem of blood donors.
Evidence that there is a high need for artificial blood
References
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2012. Artificial blood, Royal Society of Chemistry, 25/11/2012,
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2010/October/ArtificialBlood.asp
Everybody has it, Every body needs it, BLOOD BANK OF ALASKA, 25/11/2012,
http://www.bloodbankofalaska.org/about_blood/index.html
" GENERAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD “, Get Body Smart, 24/11/2012,
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/circulatorysystem/blood/overview/composition/tutorial.html
2012. Blood Function and Composition, Virtual Medical Centre, 24/11/2012,
http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/anatomy/blood-function-and-composition/30#C3
2008. HSC Biology Topic1, Keep It Simple Science.