Transcript Biomoleculesx

Monomers: Small units that join together.
Also referred to as building blocks
 Polymers: Large compounds built from
monomers
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› Ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Monomers
Polymers
Made up of C,H,O
 Function: source of energy (short term)
 Examples: sugar, rice, bread, potatoes
 Monomer: monosaccharide (simple
sugar)
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Monomer: monosaccharide (simple
sugar)
› Each unit is a ring made of carbon, oxygen,
and hydrogen
Monosaccharide
glucose
glucose
Maltose
glucose
Disaccharide
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Monomer: monosaccharide (simple
sugar)
› Each unit is a ring made of carbon, oxygen,
and hydrogen
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
cellulose
glucose
glucose
glucose
Polysaccharide
glucose
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What to look for in a monomer – how do
I know it’s a monosaccharide?
› Often in a ring shape, either hexagon or
pentagon
› Contains only C, H, and O
› Glucose is the most
widely used example:
glucose
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Made of C,H,O
Functions: Store energy (long term), building
blocks of membranes
Examples: wax, oil, butter, steroids, makeup
Monomers: glycerol and fatty acids
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What to look for—how do I know it’s a lipid?
Memorize this
basic shape!
A “head” (glycerol)
with three tails (fatty
acids)
Long chains of
carbon and
hydrogen
Made of C,H,O,N
 Functions: Build body structures, control
chemical reactions, do cellular work
 Example: meat/muscle, hair, nails,
enzymes, peanut butter, milk
 Monomer: amino acid
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Monomer: amino acid
› There are 20 different kinds of amino acids
that hook together via peptide bonds to
form proteins
Amino Acids (aa)
aa1
aa2
aa3
Peptide Bonds
aa4
aa5
aa6
What to look for in a monomer – how do
I know it’s an amino acid?
common:
One side with a
nitrogen and
hydrogens (amino
group)
One side with two
oxygens connected
to a carbon
(carboxyl group)
Glycine
› All amino acids have two major things in
Phenylalanine
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Building Polymers= Dehydration Synthesis
“Taking away
water”

Breaking the Polymers= Hydrolysis
“Adding
Water”
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If you received a paper on the way in,
come to the front of the classroom, bring
your paper!
Made of C,H,O,N,P
 Functions: genetic code, cellular energy
(ATP ONLY!)
 Example: DNA, RNA, ATP
 Monomer: nucleotide
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Monomer: nucleotide
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How do I know it’s a nucleotide?
› All nucleotides have a sugar (pentagon), a base
(hexagon OR pentagon with a hexagon), and
at least one phosphate (usually a circle)
B
P
S
P
S
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How do I know it’s a nucleotide?
› All nucleotides have a sugar (pentagon), a
base (hexagon OR pentagon with a
hexagon), and at least one phosphate
(usually a circle)
› A special nucleotide called ATP has three
phosphates instead of one
P
P
P
S
 1.
Glue in Macromolecules Sheet
 2. Put away Notebook
 3. Get out Biomolecules packet
and a pencil and highlighter
Glue in Biomolecules Grid Sheet
 Pack up
 Keep out the Food Label Investigation
sheet

Carbs
Positive
Lipids
Positive
Sugar
Positive
Proteins
Positive