Transcript File - the pinter board

Social Studies 8
Year End Review
JAPAN
Who had the most
power in Japan before
the Meiji period?
The Shogun
Who sold crafts?
Merchants
Why was Japan so
easily isolated?
It had the geographical
advantage of being an
island.
Explain the Edo Period
The period in Japanese
history between 1600 and
1853; also known as the
Tokugawa period.
Who was the lowest
class?
The non-humans
Who was the first Shogun
of Japan?
Tokugawa Ieyasu
What class became more
important during the Meiji
period?
Merchants
What was the job of a
daimyo?
Their job was to rule
plots of land they also had
control over the samurai
in their land.
What is the order of the
Japanese Hierarchy?
Approximately how long
did isolation last?
200 Years
What was the job of the
daimyo?
They watched over their
land and made laws.
What were the laws of
Isolation?
 - No newcomers from any lands may enter Japan.
- No Japanese may go abroad.
- Ships large enough to make long voyages must be destroyed. No
new ships may be built.
- Japanese who are out of the country are forbidden to return
(traders).
- All foreign objects, including scientific and Christian books, are
forbidden.
- All Christian missionaries must evacuate Japan by April 01, 1614.
- Any Japanese-Christians who refuse to give up their faith will be
executed on order of the Shogun.
What did Christianity have
to do with the Isolation of
Japan?
They did not want their old
customs and religions to be
lost.
How did external
pressures lead to the end
of isolation?
 Commodore Perry asked Japan to sign
an agreement to trade. The Japanese
were afraid that if they said no, a war
would start that they could never win.
Who had more power in Japan
during the isolation: the
Shogun or the Emperor?
The Shogun. Even though he was
lower on the Hierarchy, he
controlled all military power and
made any major decisions.
How were the Americans
viewed when they entered
Japan?
The Japanese were scared,
because they had never seen
weapons or technology like
what the Americans had.
Why did the Americans
decide to sail to Japan?
 For a few reasons:
- The Americans were looking for a new ally to trade with. Stories had come
that the Japanese had a great many treasures.
- Curiosity. Japan had been in isolation for nearly 200 years. Every country
in the world wanted to find out what had happened to them. The stereotype
for the Japanese back then was almost god-like people who had elite
warriors, woman who wore the finest jewelry in the world, and were very
honourable.
- The Americans sailed there to force the Japanese to come out of isolation.
This explains why Perry brought with him two steam-driven frigates (the
Mississippi and Susquehanna) and two sloops, with a total complement of 65
guns and a little less than 1,000 men. Then, when he returned the following
year for the Japanese answer to their request to open up their doors, his
armada had grown to nine vessels, with the new flagship Powhatan joining
the other two paddle-wheel warships. The crew had almost doubled to
around 1,800, and mounted cannon now numbered over 100.
Why did the isolation start?
The Shogun kept feeling that
their religion and power
were in danger from the
Europeans so they closed
down Japan from them.
The Aztecs
What is the name of the
Emperor of the Aztecs who
was the ruler during the fall of
the Aztecs?
Moctezuma
What is the name for an
Aztec spear throwing tool?
An Atlatl
What is the name of the
city of the Aztecs?
Tenochtitlan
When did the Spanish land
in Mexico?
1519
Who is Huitzilopochtli?
Is the Aztec God of Sun
and War.
Which Spanish governor
came from Cuba to arrest
Cortez?
Diego Velazquez
What was the name of
Cortez's deputy who ordered
troops to loot Tenochtitlan?
Pedro de Alvarado
Why did the Aztecs sacrifice?
Because they were afraid
that if they did not give
the sun blood it would not
have any energy to rise.
What lake was Tenochititlan
founded on?
Lake Texcoco
How did Cortez become
intrigued to sail to "the new
world“?
Columbus came back
from his voyage full of
gold and a few slaves.
Which Spaniard was
considered to be
Quetzacoatl and why?
 Cortes was considered to be the rain god,
because the god had white skin and vowed
to bring adversity onto the Aztec people.
Coincindentaly, Cortes arrived in the same
year the Quetzacoatl vowed to return.
Why did the Aztecs settle
in lake Texcoco?
 Because their prophet told them to
look for a eagle on a cactus. they saw
that and decided to settle on the
island where the symbol was first
seen.
What city was built on top of
the old city of Tenochititlan?
Mexico City
What did the Aztecs
sacrifice the most?
Humans
Who was the leader of the
Spanish army?
Cortez
Who brought over the smallpox
disease to Tenochtitlan and
how did it affect the Aztecs?
It was the Spanish that brought over
the disease. This disease killed many
Aztecs because they were not
immune to the disease and they
didn't know how to fight it off.
Which God encouraged the
Aztecs to leave their home
in search of a new one?
Huitzilopochtli
What sign were the Aztecs
looking for?
An eagle sitting on a
cactus eating a snake.
Why did the Aztecs leave
Aztlan to find a new
home?
They left because their
sacred god Huitzilapochtli
told them to.
What is a Chinampa?
Floating islands built in
the water around
Tenotchtitlan to grow
crops.
What animal did the Spanish
bring to Mexico that the
Aztecs had never seen
before?
The horse
Why did the Conquistadors
come to Tenochtitlan and for
what purpose?
They wanted gold and to
take over the empire.
What is an aquaduct?
A channel used to move
water, usually supported
on a bridge structure
when it has to cross a
valley.
What was significant about
the mountains?
The Aztecs believed that
they brought them closer
to the gods.
Conquistador
The Spanish word for a
leader of an expedition to
colonize other lands.
When the Spanish came,
what scared the Aztecs the
most?
The sound of the canons.
Who led the Spanish
invasion?
Hernan Cortez
The Renaissance
What was the
Renaissance/rebirth?
Rebirth of classical ideas from
Greek and Roman times that
were lost
-Rebirth of human intellect
-Rebirth following the
devastation of the Black Death
How it starts
Opportunities arose for
serfs to leave their land
and master a trade after
the plague.
Some important goods
valued in the Renaissance
Silk, PAPER, Spices,
MEDICINES, Perfume,
ceramics, cotton, sugar
Why was paper important?
Paper in the Renaissance was
extremely valuable. Before
they had only parchment
which was hard to produce. It
helped spread the ideas.
Why was Italy good for trade?
It's geographic location was
ideal.
It was described as Europe's
gateway to the East.
Merchants
-Most powerful in the
Renaissance.
-Dealt with expensive goods
and sold them at a higher
price in another place.
Galileo Galilei
 -Believed in heliocentrism, the theory
that the Earth orbits the sun.
-Sentenced to house arrest with the
charges of heresy.
-Proved Aristotle wrong in floatation and
gravitation.
"We do not feel the earth moving in
orbit, just like a fish in a fishbowl does not
feel the bowl moving“.
Johannes Gutenburg
 -Created the first printing press
which REVOLUTIONIZED books
and literacy.
-More people could become literate
with the help of his books because
they could afford them.
"I can create 180 bibles in the time it
takes you to hand copy one“.
Martin Luther
 -Was upset with the church because it
made a huge profit selling indulges.
-Decided to promote his own religion,
Protestantism.
-Wrote down a list called "95 Theses"
(Reforms) things he didn't like about the
church and posted them church walls.
"Protestantism has its roots in the protest
of the Catholic Church“.
The Medicis
Florence was run by this
banker family. They were
PATRONS OF THE ARTS and
spent a lot of money
commissioning artists and
architects. Florence had the
world’s first art school.
Leonardo Da Vinci
 -Commissioned by Medicis
-First painter to use oil paints, a technique
that changed art forever.
-A true Renaissance man, who was
interested in both art and anatomy.
-One of first artists to study human body
Works:
"Vitruvian Man"
"Mona Lisa"
Fillipo Brunelleschi
-Commissioned by Medicis.
-Designed and built the dome
of the Florence cathedral.
-Invented the use of linear
perspective in art, which
created depth.
Botticelli
-Commissioned by Medicis.
-Young painter who refused to
paint religious subjects, instead he
looked at Roman gods and
godesses.
Works:
"The Birth of Venus"
"La Primavera"
Michelangelo
-Commissioned by the Medicis.
-Created on of the most famous
statues in the world "David“.
-Commissioned to paint ceiling in
the Sistine Chapel for the Pope.
-Thought to be a rival of Da Vinci.
David's importance
-Represented David from
David and Goliath, which was
a metaphor for Florence vs.
The Church.
-Displayed pride in the human
body and anatomy.
What person challenged the
"indulgences" of the Catholic
church, resulting in the
Reformation?
Martin Luther
What are the two things that
feudalism relied upon to be
successful?
loyalty and protection
The person with the greatest
power, who was in charge of
the manor was the…
Lord/noble
Who was at the bottom of
the feudalism pyramid?
 Serfs/peasants
What COUNTRY did the
Renaissance start in?
Italy
What two things was
Petrarch famous for?
He was a poet and he
launched the Renaissance by
rediscovering the work of
the Ancient Greeks and
Romans.
What was the intellectual
movement at the heart of the
Renaissance?
Humanism
What is Humanism?
A Renaissance cultural
movement that revived
interest in Ancient Greek
and Roman thought.
How did the Kings and
Queens of Europe unite their
countries under one
government during the
Renaissance?
a combination of war, marriage,
money, and ruthless bargaining.
What King/Queen unified the
country of Spain?
King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella
What did Johannes
Gutenberg invent?
Moveable metal type for
the printing press.
What does the word
"Renaissance" mean?
It is French for "rebirth"
What is feudalism?
Political system of local
government based on the
granting of land in return
for loyalty and protection.
What is Nicolaus
Copernicus famous for?
He discovered that the earth
moves around the sun
(previously, people believed
the sun moved around the
earth).
What were serfs?
Peasants who were bound
to the land where they
worked for the lord.
What religion came about
as a result of the
Reformation?
Protestantism