Transcript Phase 1 - Orifera

LIVERIN
Holistic detoxification of the liver
ADIRONDACK (M) SDN. BHD.
The liver is the main detoxifying
organ in the body
The liver utilizes a 2 phase system in detoxifying
the body of harmful substances
2 Phases of detoxification
• Phase 1
• It transform the fat soluble toxins into water soluble
compounds (both body and within the liver)
• Phase 2
• Sending the toxins back to the kidney for elimination or
into the bile for elimination via the GI tract.
LIVER DETOXIFICATION PROCESS
TOXINS (non polar)
Endotoxins
Xenobiotics
INTERMEDIATE
METABOLITES
May be toxic
PHASE I
Cytochrome P 450 enzymes
Hydroxylation via redox reactions
Critical cofactors :
NADH, NADPH, B6, Mg
EXCRETION
(polar molecules)
Kidney ---- Urine
Bile ---------- Faeces
PHASE II
Conjugation reactions
Glutathione conjugation
Amino acid conjugation
Glucuronidation
Sulfation
Methylation
Acetylation
Liver detoxification has to be holistic
• Detoxification rates :
If :
Result :
Phase 1 > Phase 2
Liver toxicity or damage due to
excessive accumulation of
activated
intermediates (free
radicals)
Imbalanced Detoxification
Phase 2
Conjugation
Phase 1
Cytochrome
P 450
enzymes
Non polar
(Fat loving)
xenobiotics
Free Radicals
(Reactive intermediate)
Damage to DNA, RNA and Proteins
Inert water
soluble
metabolites
Supportive Nutrients for Detoxification Pathways
Lipid-soluble
molecule
Phase 1
(Cytochrome P450
Enzymes)
Activated
Intermediates
Riboflavin (Vit B2)
Niacin (Vit B3)
Pyridoxine (Vit B6)
Vitamin B12
Glutathione
Branched-chain amino acids
Flavonoids
Phospholipids
Phase II
(Conjugation
Pathways)
Excretory
derivatives
ATP
Glutathione
Polar
Glycine
(water soluble)
Taurine
Glutamine
Ornithine
Arginine
Serum
Methyl donors
N-acetylcysteine
Cysteine
Bile Kidney
Methionine
Faeces/stools
Urine
You need Liverin if you have any of
these symptoms
• Chronic constipation
• Frequent gas and
bloating
• Excess weight
• Frequent fatique
• Impaired digestion
• Irritable Bowel
Syndrome (IBS)
• Candida infection
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Parasite infestation
Recurring headaches
Bad breadth
Hemorrhoids
Irritability
Frequent colds
Protruding belly.
Leaky gut syndrome.
GI and Liver Health
Dysregulating
factors
Medications
Alcohol
Food allergies
Infectious agents
Pollutants
Stress
Low stomach acid
Low secretory IgA
The Road to Immunity by Stephen Bock
GI tract is overburdened
imbalances result
Poorer absorption of
nutrients
Higher levels of toxins
and allergens are
absorbed through gut
mucosa
Creates food allergies
Additional burdens
LIVER is overburdened
Fewer nutrients are
available for defense and
repair
Immune suppression
Cellular damage
Bioaccumulation of toxins that
are not excreted
Metabolic poisoning
Chronic illness
Alterations in organ functions
Toxic chemicals
Hormones
Antigens/antibody
complexes
More detoxifying creates
increased oxidant stress
Free radical damage
Mitochondrial problems
Benefits of Liverin
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Increased Energy and Vitality
Weight Loss
Better Gut Function
Clearer Thinking
Improved Skin
Better Sleep
Improved Mood
Phase 1 (Cytochrome P450
enzymes)
Vitamin B complex
(Vitamin B2, B6, B9 and B12)
Other vitamins
(Vitamin C, vitamin D,
vitamin K)
Mineral :
Magnesium
Phospholipids
(Lecithin)
Phase 2 (Conjugation
pathways)
Free
radicals
Anti-oxidants
Vitamin E
Glutathione
Alpha Lipoid Acid
Selenium
Flavanoids e.g. EGCG,
Pine bark extract, Noni,
Andrographis panuculata,
Amino acids
Branched chain amino acids
L-lysine, L-arginine, L-cysteine,
L-methionine, L-ornithine,
L- glycine, L-glutamine),
Betaine
PHASE 1 INGREDIENTS
No
Name of ingredient
Function
1.
Vitamin E
A natural antioxidant that may treat fatty liver disease.
Vitamin E protects the liver from damage caused by free
radicals, which harm liver cells, tissues and organ.
2.
Zinc sulphate
monohydrate
Zinc deficiency is often linked to liver cirrhosis. In fact, zinc
supplementation improves the neurological symptoms and
malnutrition associated with liver diseases. Zinc
supplementation also help to protect against acute and
chronic liver diseases. Even alcoholic liver diseases may
occur due to decreased levels of zinc in the body, and zinc
supplementation may help manage alcoholic liver diseases
by inhibiting the formation of free oxygen radicals and
enhancing the activity of antioxidant pathways.
3.
Choline or
Lecithin(phospholipids)
Choline is the precursor of many chemicals with similar
structures that are known as phospholipids. Phospholipids
play many important roles in the body, including formation
of the cell membranes that surround and protect cells as
well as transmission of nerve signals, explains the Linus
No
Name of ingredient
Function
Low levels of choline have been linked to fatty liver disease,
according to the Northwestern University Feinberg School
of Medicine. Heavy consumption of alcohol, which is one
cause of fatty liver, tends to break down choline, which
may lead to deficiencies in choline. Researchers do not
know if the choline deficiency actually causes liver damage.
4
Riboflavin ( Vitamin B2)
Vitamin B2 help the body cells to create energy from the
metabolization of carbohydrates, protein, and fat..
Riboflavin is critical for normal growth and repair. It is
needed to facilitate normal reproduction, cell growth and
repair, and development of tissues. The body utilizes
vitamin B2 to keep tissue health and to help accelerate
healing of injuries.
5
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
When people suffer from a damaged liver or liver disease,
they most likely have a deficiency of vitamins B6, D, C and
K. When the liver lacks the ability to regenerate itself; a
vitamin therapy regimen is required to help rebuild and
regenerate the damaged liver.
According to a study published by the Journal of Nutrition,
the metabolism of vitamin B6 can regenerate the liver .
6.
Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
Folic acid helps the body to form red blood cells and helps
prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid also plays a role in
protein metabolism and helps reduce blood homocysteine
levels. Liver damage may reduce your ability to process this
vitamin, possibly leading to a folic acid deficiency.
7.
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3 is used as a cholesterol and
blood lipid (fat) lowering agent. Niacin blocks the release of
lipids into the blood and is useful for treating a wide variety
of blood lipid disorders. It lowers low-density-lipoprotein
(LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein A. It also
increases "good" high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
8.
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
Leucocyte ascorbic acid (LAA) levels were measured in 138
patients with liver disease. Significantly reduced levels were
found in 37 patients with alcoholic liver disease (P less than
0-01) and 25 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (P less
than 0-05). Ascorbic acid deficiency occur in liver disease.
9
Vitamin D
According to the Science Daily website, patients with
chronic liver disease often develop a vitamin D deficiency.
The liver produces 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D, also
known as calcidiol, the immediate precursor to the
metabolically active 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 1-25 vitamin
D, also known as calcitriol. Liver disease could lead to
impaired absorption of vitamin D, which is possibly
connected to impaired bile acid production or gut edema
associated with portal hypertension. In recent decades,
researchers have discovered that a healthy liver is
necessary to maintain adequate levels of vitamin D in the
body. Many kinds of liver diseases that cause damage to
the liver can result in low levels of vitamin D in the body.
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Vitamin K
The liver synthesizes bile acids, secreting them into the
small intestine. From there, bile acids play a crucial role in
absorption of lipids. Decreased bile salt synthesis results in
an impaired absorption of vitamin K, causing liver disease.
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Betaine
Betaine is a natural chemical found in the stomach that
carries and donates methyl molecules throughout the
12.
Branched chain amino
acid
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) granules improved the
outcome for patients with liver disease. Benefits of
branched-chain amino acid enriched nutrients for
patients with liver cirrhosis. The rationale for
recommendation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA;
valine, leucine, and isoleucine) in treatment of liver
failure is based on their unique pharmacologic properties,
stimulatory effect on ammonia detoxification to
glutamine (GLN), and decreased concentrations in liver
cirrhosis
13.
Flavonoids ( in this case
EGCG from green tea
extract and pycogenol
from pine bark extract).
Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds found in plants,
have antioxidant powers that may provide important
health benefits. Flavanoids contain antioxidants that may
protect the body’s cells from harmful free radicals from
cigarette smoke and other environmental contaminants,
according to the Cleveland Clinic. Free radical damage can
increase LDL, or “bad” cholesterol, increasing the risk for
heart disease. Researchers at Cornell University have
found that extracts from flavonoid-rich onions provided
strong anti-proliferation effects against liver and colon
cancer cells.
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Phospholipids
(Lecithin)
One of the most common conditions affecting the liver is
fatty liver disease (steatosis). It is almost entirely
influenced by lifestyle choices but is also reversible. Fatty
liver disease can be caused by alcohol abuse (alcoholic
steatosis) or by other lifestyle factors such as poor eating
habits, sedentary lifestyle and smoking, the British Liver
Trust explains. This is known as non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD).
Fatty liver can cause liver inflammation and progress to
scarring. Advanced fatty liver disease can cause cirrhosis
and liver failure.
Phospholipids are capable of repairing damage to the liver
caused by alcohol, poor diet and other factors. They are an
important component of cell membranes and contribute
the overall functioning of the cells. They help to form a
semi-permeable bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm
(cellular fluid) and allows for transportation of substances
in and out of the cells.
Magnesium stearate
Magnesium stearate is a magnesium salt containing stearic
acid. Stearic acid is an 18 carbon long saturated fat,
common in our food supply. It is readily metabolised to
oleic acid (the monounsaturated fat found in olive
oil). Stearic acid is unique among all saturated fatty acids
PHASE II
1
Soy protein
Soy protein could significantly reduce fat accumulation and
triglycerides in the livers of obese patients by partially restoring the
function of a key signaling pathway in the organ.
2
Whey protein
Whey protein decrease total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
3
L-lysine
As a building block of proteins in the body, lysine is a vital nutrient
for supporting proper growth and development. The nutrient can be
used to control cholesterol levels, prevent osteoporosis and other
age-related bone density conditions, support growth and reduce
anxiety and stress.
4
L-Methionine
L-methionine exerts many key functions in the liver, including serving
as a precursor for cysteine, 1 of 3 amino acids of glutathione—the
major physiologic defense mechanism against oxidative stress. Lmethionine is particularly important in opposing the toxicity of free
oxygen radicals generated by various pathogens, including alcohol,
which cause oxidative stress largely by the induction of cytochrome
P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and by its metabolite acetaldehyde. L-methionine
also acts as the main methylating agent in the liver.
5.
L-cysteine
L-cysteine counteracts the mild pain reliever and its effects on the
liver. The body converts the dietary supplement into cysteine, and
then into glutathione, an effective antioxidant that fights free
radicals in your body, according to the University of Maryland
Medical Center, or UMMC.
6.
L-arginine
L-arginine is an amino acid that’s made in the body and found in
foods such as soybeans, nuts and grains. Its main functions are to
convert toxic ammonia to the waste product urea and provide
immune system support. L-arginine shows promise in improving
fatty liver disease, or hepatic steatosis, by increasing blood flow to
the organ. Scientists at the University College London in the United
Kingdom observed that rats with hepatic steatosis taking L-arginine
daily for 12 weeks experienced improvements in blood flow to the
liver. Researchers stated that L-arginine increases the production
of nitric oxide, a gas molecule that boosts blood flow. The findings
were reported in the November 2005 issue of "Microvascular
Research.”
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L- ornithine
Amino acid L-ornithine-L-aspartate reduces ammonia in the body,
thus helping with liver cirrhosis. The L-ornithine-L-aspartate
granules showed the level of ammonia was significantly decreased.
And minimal hepatic encephalopathy was significantly improved.
L-ornithine is crucial for removal of bodily wastes, and some
research also suggests this amino acid may help boost your energy
8
Glutamine
The most abundant amino acid in the body is glutamine, which
is normally made by thebody but is also supplied from proteincontaining foods. It serves a variety of functions including the
removal of excess ammonia waste product and regulating
immune system functions, and is needed in digestive processes.
As an amino acid, or protein building block, glutamine also
serves as a precursor in the formation of glutathione, an
antioxidant important for protecting your liver from free radical
damage. In the event of liver injury and low production of
glutathione, available glutamine compensates for this lack of
glutathione and aids in generating stored glutathione to keep
the liver protected, according to a 1992 review in the "Annals of
Surgery."
9
Glycine
Chronic cholestasic liver diseases lead to liver injury and
ultimately progress to portal fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage
liver disease requiring liver transplantation. A research group in
the US and Germany investigated the effects of (dietary) glycine
against oxidant-induced injury caused by bile duct ligation in rats.
The study demonstrate that hepatic injury due to BDL is
significantly reduced by dietary glycine and glycine decreases
liver injury thru a direct effect on hepatocytes. Glycine prevents
hepatic damage caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation, diminishes
mortality due to endotoxin and minimizes alcoholic liver injury by
decreasing blood ethanol
10
Glutathione
The levels of glutathione in the liver is critically
linked to the livers capacity to detoxify. This means
that the higher the glutathione content, the greater
the livers capacity to detoxify harmful chemicals and
toxins.
Typically, when we are exposed to chemicals like
alcohol and pollution which can damage the liver,
the concentration of glutathione in the liver is
substantially reduced. This reduction makes the liver
susceptible to damage.
Glutathione is an antioxidant enzyme often referred
to as the body's "master antioxidant" due to its
central role in protecting the body's cells from free
radical damage. Glutathione is composed of the
amino acids cysteine, glutamine and glycine and is
concentrated in the liver, although it carries out its
work throughout the body. This important enzyme is
involved in protecting cells from environmental
toxins, drugs and alcohol as well as toxins produced
by the body itself as a result of normal metabolism.
Depletion of glutathione lead to cell’s death.
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Alpha Lipoid Acid
More recently, in 1999 Berkson published three case
reports using a triple-antioxidant supplement regimen in
patients with liver disease, including chronic hepatitis C
infection. After several months of treatment with a
combination of alpha lipoic acid, selenium and silymarin,
all three patients recovered most or all of their liver
function, avoided liver transplantation and went on to
live healthy, productive lives free of the symptoms of
liver disease.From 2006 to 2008, studies in humans and
animals have shown that alpha lipoic acid can provide
important improvements in the following: recovery
following liver surgery; protection from chemotherapy
side effects and chemical poisoning; liver regeneration;
and protection against liver and kidney damage . ALA is
also an excellent antioxidant and recycles other
nutrients such as co-enzyme Q-10, vitamin C, and
vitamin E. In addition, ALA chelates heavy metals such as
mercury, lead, and arsenic, and it stabilizes NF kappa B
transcription factor so that it helps to inactivate
deleterious genes. It can also help people with diabetes
mellitus by increasing the sensitivity of their cells to
insulin, and it helps reverse diabetic neuropathies.
12
Selenium
Selenium boosts liver protection .Required in small amounts to
maintain good health, selenium is essential for many body processes
and is especially abundant in the kidneys, liver, spleen, testes and
pancreas. Of particular interest to those with chronic liver disease,
selenium boasts several functions that make it a valuable component
to any liver wellness program.
Selenium is a liver ally for several reasons:
1. Antioxidant – Trace amounts of selenium are necessary to form
two enzymes – glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase –
both of which indirectly reduce certain oxidized molecules. Since
oxidation is a known manner in which liver damage occurs,
antioxidants like selenium help preserve liver tissue.
2. Immune Strength – A variety of sources indicate that selenium and
Vitamin E act synergistically to strengthen immunity by aiding in the
production of disease-fighting antibodies.
3. Cancer Prevention – Believed to mobilize cancer-fighting cells,
selenium may be helpful in preventing cancer. Since those with
advanced liver disease are at risk of developing liver cancer, any efforts
that could stop cells from going awry is generally welcomed.
4. Tissue Elasticity – This trace element is needed for tissue elasticity,
an important characteristic for those with chronic liver disease.
Because rigidity in liver tissue and local blood vessels are consequences
of several types of liver disease, efforts to preserve elasticity also helps
support healthful hepatic circulation.
The following studies corroborate the belief that selenium is valuable
13
Flavanoids
Flavonoid-rich foods has high antioxidant effects.
Antioxidants may protect the body’s cells from harmful free
radicals from cigarette smoke and other environmental
contaminants, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Free radical
damage can increase LDL, or “bad” cholesterol, increasing the risk
for heart disease.
Green Tea
(EGCG)
Green Tea is a good source of antioxidants. It is loaded with
catechins, a substance that is known to improve liver function.
They are even more powerful than Vitamins C and E when it comes
to preventing damage to cells according to Harvard Women's
Health Watch. Studies from the American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition (AJCN) also showed that green tea had the ability to
suppress liver injuries .
Phyllanthus
Phyllanthus niruri has been found to exhibit inhibitory effect
on hepatitis B virus
evident by its exhaustive utility in cases of chronic jaundice.
An aqueous extract of the
plant Phyllanthus niruri inhibits endogenous DNA polymerase
of hepatitis B virus and
binds to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus in vitro. Effect
of Phyllanthus niruri
extracts on woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen was
also observed in a study
of rats. However, till date, research studies are very limited
for this claim. [2, 3]
Phyllanthus niruri extracts may have benefits of liver
protection. Its protein fractions
protected liver tissues against oxidative stress by improving
anti-oxidative defense in
mice. It may also benefit hepatitis B.
Researchers injected partially purified protein fraction of
Phyllanthus niruri
intraperitoneally in mice either prior to (preventive) or after
the induction of liver toxicity
(curative). Researchers observed a reduction of elevated
glutamate pyruvate
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