Transcript Digestive Tract of Monogastrics and Ruminants

Vitamins and Minerals
Objective
• Identify and describe vitamins, minerals, and
feed additives and how they relate to the
nutritional requirements or ruminant and nonruminant animals.
What is a nutrient?
• A chemical element or compound that aids in
the support of life.
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Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Energy
Why do animals need vitamins?
• Vitamins perform essential roles in body.
▫ Metabolism
▫ Repair
▫ Function.
• Vitamins are considered micro-nutrients and are
consumed in relatively small amounts.
• A balanced ration should supply all of the major
vitamins needed; however, some
supplementation of trace nutrients is generally
considered desirable.
2 Types of Vitamins
• Water soluble
▫ B-complex vitamins and vitamin C are watersoluble vitamins that are not stored in the body
and must be replaced each day.
 Ex: Hay and Pasture Grazing
 Ex: Citrus fruits and Vegetables (Vitamin C)
2 Types of Vitamins
• Fat Soluble
▫ Stored in the liver and fatty tissues, and are
eliminated much more slowly than water-soluble
vitamins.
▫ Only replenished in small amounts.
 Ex: Commercial feeds and Grains
 Ex: Sunshine (Vitamin D)
Why do animals need Minerals?
• Minerals directly create deficiencies and effect
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Animal growth and development.
Structural and skeletal development
Oxygen transport
Activation of many enzyme systems
2 Types of Minerals
• Macro
▫ Normally present at greater levels in the body or
needed in relatively large amounts in the diet.
 Ex: Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg, K, S
• Micro
▫ Present at low levels in the body or needed in
small amounts in the diet
 Ex: Co, Cu, F, I, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn
Feed Additives
• Feed additives and hormones are not necessary
nutrients for livestock. However, if used in the
correct manner, they can increase growth and
efficiency as well as improve the animal’s health.
• Label requirements:
• Residues
• Mixing procedure
• Good records
• Health and public concerns
Feed Additive Examples
• Oxy-Gen
▫ All natural Product for increasing the strength of
the respiratory system and also increases
appetites, promotes hair growth and improves
muscle development.
▫ Feed 3 oz. a day for calves, sheep, pigs.
▫ For younger animals to help development
Feed Additives Examples
• Champion Oxy
▫ Improves feed conversion, adds muscle mass,
promotes hair growth and helps animals handle
stressful situations better.
▫ ½ oz. per day
▫ Feed this closer to show but remember to check
withdrawal periods.
Your animal wont drink water??
• Refill
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Used for cattle, feed 1-2 pounds per day.
Will make the animal want to drink water.
Provides electrolytes and other nutrients.
Use when arriving at a show, will help with water
weight or soundness lost by traveling.
How does this help my show animal?
• Octane
▫ Vitamin and mineral supplement that promotes
overall healthy appearance
▫ Similar effects as show bloom but stronger
▫ 1-1/2 oz. per for sheep and goats
▫ 4 oz. per day for cattle
Feed Additives
• Goat Gold Plus
▫ For goats 80 pounds and larger
▫ 4 oz. daily
▫ Contains digestive enzymes for better feed
conversion, fortified with vitamins, minerals,
amino acids and probiotics, to keep rumen
functioning normally.