Transcript GROUP FOR FOOD SAFETY RISK

Chemical Hazard vs. food
Case Studies
Group for Food Safety Risk Assessment
December 2013
Alle Dinge sind ein Gift und nichts ist ohne Gift.
Allein die Dosis macht, daß ein Ding kein Gift
ist.
"All things are poison and nothing is without
poison. Only the dose makes that a thing is
not a poison."
Theophrastus Phillippus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim
Paracelso
Content
1. GROUP FOR FOOD SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT
(UERIA)
2. Acrylamide in panela
3. Arsenic in rice
4. Mycotoxins in Cereals
5. Organochlorines in meat and milk
6. Mercury in fish
GROUP FOR FOOD SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT (UERIA)
National Health Institute of Colombia
• We are a technical and scientific group aimed to
provide scientific support to the Sanitary and
Phytosanitary authorities, who are responsible of
adopt or enforce food safety measures and
formulate policy-making processes.
• UERIA follows risk assessment techniques developed
by relevant international organizations, such as
Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO).
Challenges
• From its creation in 2009, UERIA group has performed several
studies in hazard/food combinations, systematic reviews and
scientific concepts about relevant issues for Colombian food
safety.
• Through UERIA Colombian Government is working to improve
food safety standards of national production aimed to face
international challenges derived from current free trade
agreements. (USA, Canada, EFTA, Mexico, UE, Chile, and
others), as well as coming agreements (Korea, Japan, Turkey
Costa Rica)
Acrylamide in sugar cane “panela”
Scientific concept
Why?
 Codex International Standard of sugar cane “Panela”.
 The possibility of acrylamide in panela.
 caused by chemical reactions between the
components due to changes in temperature and pH
in some foods.
Terms of reference (TOR)
1. ¿Does the presence of acrylamide in panela a risk factor for
health?
2. ¿ Which are the sources of Acrylamide in Panela?
3. ¿ What is the DMU of acrylamide in food?, What are those
levels?
4. ¿ What are the techniques for the determination of
acrylamide in food?
Características generales
Conclusions
• The presence of Acrylamide in foods is a risk factor for health
and this chemical hazard is classified in Group 2A by IARC,
considering a possible carcinogen.
• Acrylamide on panela, it should be noted that acrylamide is
not a food additive is a product of the Maillard reaction, this
being a reaction which occurs in the presence of reducing
sugars and a free amino group (for example the asparagine)
that may be present in raw food materials. The cane juice
(raw material panela) has reported the presence of reducing
sugars and asparagine in low concentrations.
Conclusions
• The term DMU can not be applied to acrylamide, it is
not a food additive.
• Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to
tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as the most
used techniques by international agencies and
scientists to determine acrylamide in food research.
Recommendations
• Priority is a chemical characterization of sugar cane juice and sugarcane
production region. This should be focused on the determination of
reducing sugars and free amino acids.
• Sampling plan panela-producing region that includes the monitoring of
acrylamide in the final product.
• Promoting research by academia or research groups to document relevant
information to the presence of acrylamide in sugar.
• Encourage technological development in the laboratories of the country,
especially in the actions they perform inspection, monitoring and control
in food, in order to have reliable methodologies to report results of the
acrylamide content in panela and other foods
Team
Natalia Milena ACOSTA AMADOR
Yuly Andrea GAMBOA MARÍN
Jazmín Mercedes MANTILLA PULIDO
María Pilar MONTOYA GUEVARA
Iván Camilo SÁNCHEZ BARRERA
Reviewers:
Teresa Pérez Hernández
Silvia Liliana Resnik
Arsenic in rice
Risk Profile
Why?
• Arsenic: naturally occurring mineral.
• Presence in groundwater.
• Inorganic arsenic (III) and (IV) IARC
carcinogen for humans.
• Arsenicosis (skin, lung and kidney
cancer)
• IDMT rice is 25 times higher than the
contribution from drinking water
China.
• Study by INVIMA requires analyzing
information and its impact on public
health.
TOR
1. The levels of arsenic in Colombian rice, may even be
considered as a risk for the population?
2. The possible sources of arsenic may contaminate
rice (presence in soils, irrigation water or
agricultural inputs)?
Scope and Limitations
• We only have total arsenic
monitoring in rice
• The document not include
water and fish
• Not include also poisoning
associated with
occupational exposure
• The study was limited to raw
white rice
Prevention and Control
• Water used to irrigate crops should not
exceed 0.1 mg Arsenic / liter
• The rainfed crops, decrease the
bioavailability of Arsenic and its
accumulation in the plant.
• Improve drainage in soils used for rice
cultivation.
• No arsenical pesticides
• Control of suppliers in production.
• Vegetarian group associated with high
consumption of rice.
• Use potable water in washing and
preparing the rice.
Team
Natalia Milena ACOSTA AMADOR
Bibiana Carolina BARON MENDOZA
Ana Karina CARRASCAL CAMACHO
Diana Ximena CORREA LIZARAZO
Ángela María OTÁLVARO ÁLVAREZ
Henry REYES PINEDA
Gonzalo TABORDA OCAMPO
Reviewers:
Silvia Resnik
Alicia Fernández Cirelli
Rodolfo G. Wuilloud
Mycotoxins in Cereals
Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in corn
arepa in Colombia
Why?
 Corn is one of the most
consumed foods in Colombia.
 Arepa is a traditional food.
 Increased
consumer
promotion programs and
production of this product.
 Program
managers
have
interested in monitoring the
health status of this product.
TOR
1. What is the substrate pair (maize, wheat and rice) mycotoxin (DON and AFB1) higher risk for the Colombian
population, based on the exposure assessment?
2. Based on the selected pair in the TOR 1, What are the most
consumed products in the country that can generate risk
Colombian population?
3. What are the measures of prevention and control
recommendations in order to reduce contamination of the
selected products in the TOR 2?
Scope and objectives
Develop a qualitative risk assessment for the selected
pair,
identify
prevention
and
control
recommendations propose, in response to TOR 2
and TOR 3.
F = Maize Diet
Prevention and control recommendations
According to the FAO the presence of fungi and
mycotoxins can be reduced mainly by the application of
good agricultural practices during harvesting, drying and
storage.
Preventing mycotoxins focuses on two strategies:
1. Prevent the synthesis of mycotoxins in agricultural
products
2. Food decontamination by removal or destruction of
mycotoxins
Prevention and control
recommendations
• Support and strengthening of inspection programs at ports,
airports and border crossings
• Refresh the current regulations on control and levels of
mycotoxins in foods.
• Expand research on mycotoxins including greater coverage
in food, and in the studied mycotoxins. Also that analytical
methods are quantitative.
• Strengthen the infrastructure of existing laboratories for
mycotoxin analysis.
Team
Bernardo CLAVIJO
Diana Ximena CORREA
Andrea GAMBOA MARÍN
Viviana GONZÁLEZ RUEDA
Olga Lucía MARTÍNEZ ÁLVAREZ
Teresa PÉREZ HERNÁNDEZ
Olga Liliana ROJAS CONTRERAS
María Consuelo VANEGAS
Organochlorine pesticides in meat
and milk
Risk Profile
Why?
• Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are
associated with environmental damage
and a variety of toxic effects in animals
and humans.
• Persistence,
bioconcentration
and
biomagnification through the food chain.
• There are prohibitions and restrictions on
the use, sale and purchase of
organochlorine pesticides, however, still
residues of these pesticides in the
environment.
• Stockholm Convention monitoring and
study of the presence of POPs in food.
TOR
1. What organochlorine pesticides could be found as residues
in bovine meat and milk in Colombia?
2.
From predictive estimates and results of national studies of
organochlorines in meat and milk in Colombia, compared
with the current legislation of the country, which of
organochlorine pesticides identified as residues in the TOR 1
could constitute a risk to public health?
3. Consistent with the production of bovine meat and milk,
what regions or departments are likely to have residues of
organochlorine pesticides identified in the TOR 1?
Scope and objectives
Develop a risk profile in order to
present the risk manager an overview
of the current status of organochlorine
pesticide contamination through
consumption of meat and milk from
cattle produced and marketed in
Colombia.
Organochlorine pesticides under study
correspond to those of greater use and
marketing in Colombia
in the past,
.
whose residues may be present in
meat and milk
 Endosulfán
 DDT
 Aldrín
 Dieldrín
 Endrín
 Heptacloro
 HCH (Lindano)
 Toxafeno
 Clordano
 2,4D
 Picloram
 Triclopyr
Team
Cilia Leonor FUENTES DE PIEDRAHITA
Javier Francisco REY RODRIGUEZ
William ALBARRACÍN HERNÁNDEZ
Howard JUNCA DÍAZ
María Pilar MONTOYA GUEVARA
Ángela María OTÁLVARO ÁLVAREZ
Teresa PÉREZ HERNÁNDEZ
Henry REYES PINEDA
Iván Camilo SÁNCHEZ BARRERA
Mercury in fish
Risk assessment of mercury in fresh
fish
Why?
High apparent fish consumption mainly in areas
surrounding rivers
Government policies.
Surveillance systems.
Environmental concern.
Research on residues in fish samples.
Elevated levels in biological samples in mining areas
and in areas of fish consumption.
TOR
1. What are the economic activities and their impact areas that
contribute most to the addition of mercury (Hg) in fish from
inland waters of Colombia?
2. What are the species that could pose greater accumulations
of mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) identified in the
TOR 1?
3. What is the risk associated with consumption of the species
identified in the TOR?
4. What are the preventive measures to minimize exposure by
fish consumption with Hg and MeHg and possible
intervention strategies?
Scope and objectives
• To determine the risk of adverse effects associated with the
consumption of mercury-contaminated fish from inland
waters in Colombia and establish the possible prevention and
intervention strategies to minimize exposure of the
Colombian people to this danger.
• Assess the risk associated with the consumption of fresh fish
of Colombia, fisheries and aquaculture, and excludes marine
species.
Economic activities associated with the
emission of mercury in Colombia
•
•
•
•
•
Primary extraction of metals, especially gold and silver
Production and use of fuels / energy sources
Production of recycled metals and metals
Production of raw materials and chemicals
Production processes and consumer products with
intentional use of mercury use and disposal of products
and substances containing mercury
• Disposal of sanitary waste landfills and wastewater
treatment
• Waste incineration, crematoria and cemeteries
Preliminary Findings
Risk group: children and pregnant women.
High adverse effect on health of exposure to Hg and
MeHg.
Many varieties of fish Hg levels and residual MeHg.
Intake may exceed the allowable contaminant levels in
terms of underestimation of consumption.
Team
Álvaro WILLS FRANCO
Claudio JIMÉNEZ CARTAGENA
Guillermo DUQUE NIVIA
Héctor SUAREZ MAHECHA
Jennyfer ALEJO RIVEROS
José Igor HLEAP
José Luis MARRUGO NEGRETE
Mary Luz OLIVARES TENORIO
María Pilar MONTOYA GUEVARA
Iván Camilo SÁNCHEZ BARRERA
Finally ...
• Dynamic process.
• Synergy between the risk manager and the
evaluator.
• Promotion of the research.
• Link Academia & Government.
Thanks for your
attention
Dirección Vigilancia y Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública
Subdirección de Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública
Grupo de Evaluacion de Riesgos en Inocuidad de Alimentos (ERIA)
María Pilar Montoya Guevara
[email protected]
Instituto Nacional de Salud
Correo electrónico: [email protected]
Teléfono (57-1) 220 77 00 Extensión 1333
Bogotá, COLOMBIA
www.ins.gov.co
Línea gratuita nacional: 01 8000 113 400