Transcript Plan Colombia - Personal.psu.edu

Promoting Peace
Combating the Narcotics Industry
Reviving the Colombian Economy
Strengthening Democracy
Who, Where, When, Why?
 Proposed by Pastrana
1998 – 1999
 Elaborated by the
Colombian Government
to:
 End armed conflict
 Revitalize the economy
 Develop and anti-
narcotics strategy
 FARC Guerrillas
Original Plan
“Plan for Colombia’s Peace”
 Pastrana’s Proposal
 Achieve Peace and End Violence
 Similar to the “Marshall Plan”
 “Drug crops are a social problem whose solution must pass through
the solution to the armed conflict...Developed countries should
help us to implement some sort of 'Marshall Plan' for Colombia,
which will allow us to develop great investments in the social field,
in order to offer our peasants different alternatives to the illicit
crops.”
 55% military aid, 45% development aid
 Talks with Clinton on aid in 1999
The New Plan
 “War on Drugs”
 American Contribution
 Combating Drug
Trafficking
 Strengthening the
Military, 78.12% of aid in
2000
 Campaigns against FARC
rebels
 Support for Police
 Other International Actors
 Provide support for social
programs
U.S. Assistance – 5 Pillars
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Support for Human
Rights/Judicial Reform
Expansion of CounterNarcotics Operations in
Southern Colombia
Alternative Economic
Development
Increased Interdiction
Assistance for
Colombian
National Police
The Original Plan
 The plan originally
required $7.5 billion
 Colombia was to
provide $4.9 billion of it
 The U.S. under Clinton
pledged $1.3 billion in
foreign aid, most of it
for military use
 The rest was to be
provided by EU donors
or NGOs
Where the Money Goes
Social Development
Fighting Drug Trade
Economic Revitalization
Negotiate solution with guerillas
1%
16%
51%
32%
Problems with Financing
 The EU was reluctant to
contribute because they
were uncertain to the
plan’s success
 Other donors disapproved
of the military portion of
the package, as approved
by the U.S.
 Colombia itself was unable
to earmark all that it had
planned to because of an
economic crisis from 19992001
Financing the New Plan
 With U.S. influence, the final
draft of the plan concentrates
much more on drug trafficking
and training the military
 Fighting the FARC guerillas is a
focus of the plan
 This is contrary to President
Pastrana’s wishes, who
recognizes FARC as part of
Colombian history and wants to
treat them as such
 Approx. 78% of the U.S. aid
package of 2000 focused on
counternarcotics and military
uses
Funding Allocation
 As part of the “war on
drugs”, the funding goes
to uses such as:
 Training and equipment
for Colombian
antinarcotics teams
 Helicopters and
transport
 Intelligence assistance
 Coca eradication
equipment
U.S. Aid to Colombia
In
Millions
1996 1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
(est.)
2006
(req.)
Military/P
olice
54.1
88.6
112.4
309.2
765.5
243.0
401.9
620.0
555.0
641.6
641.1
Economic/
Social
0.7
0.0
0.5
8.8
214.3
5.7
120.3
136.7
135.0
131.3
138.5
% Military
99.9
100
99.5
97.4
78.1
97.7
77.0
82.0
80.4
83.0
82.2
Source: The Heritage Foundation
Plan Colombia Under the Bush
Administration- 2001
 Aid is expanded to
surrounding countries
 Worried about expanding drug
operations into poor boarder
areas
 Appropriates $676
million for Counter drug
Initiative
 $380 million given
directly to Colombia
Plan Colombia Under the Bush
Administration - 2001
 Civilian contractors now
carry military weapons

Claim to be protecting
personnel and military
equipment
 Funding of social programs
in Colombia

Crop development, improve
human rights, create jobs
 Congress rejects plan to
fund reductions campaigns
in the USA

Why not curb demand?
Plan Colombia Under the Bush
Administration – 2004
 Appropriated $727
million to Counter Drug
Initiative
 $463 million given
directly to Colombia
 Military Advisors are
increased from 400 to
800 people
 Private contractors are
increased from 400 to
600 people
Plan Colombia Under the Bush
Administration - 2005
 Six years after
implementation
approximately $4.5
billion has been spent
 “Not the end or even the
beginning of the end, but
possibly the end of the
beginning.” - Churchill
Results according to US
Government
 Coca production going
down
 Military Presence
increase in Columbia
 Third largest recipient
in US aid
 US Military in
Columbia
Winning the War on Drugs?
 FARC’s existence in Columbia today
 US Defense Department study
 Price increase for cocaine?
 Just stopping the flow?
 Balloon effect?
 Mexico
The Human Rights consequences
 Straying from original




goals
Leahy Provision
Continuing support
despite regime’s record
Too much military
strength?
After Columbian
resources?
The Columbian People
 Turmoil in the country
 Quasi civil war
 Aerial fumigation
 Herbicides on legal
crops
 Providing economic
alternatives?
 Concentration of
wealth in upper classes
Questions
 Should the next administration continue to support
the Colombian government as well as the Bush
administration has?
 Should the US be doing more than just sending
money? If so, what else should be done? Or should
the U.S. discontinue support for the plan?
 How effective do you think the plan has been, both in
Colombia and at home?
Credits
 This presentation has been brought to you by:
 Lisa Bothwell
 Andrea Eisaman
 Tara Krzyzewski
 Hrishi Shah