Transcript Carbon_Compounds_Ch_8

Carbon Chemistry
Chapter 8
Essential Questions
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What are the 3 different arrangements of
carbon?
What are isomers?
What are the 4 main classes of organic
compounds in living things?
I. Organic Compounds
A. Organic
compounds are covalent
compounds composed of carbon
based molecules.
examples: sugar, starch, fuels,
synthetic materials like plastic
I. Organic Compounds
B. The backbone of organic
compounds is carbon because it has 4
valence electrons and each atom can
form 4 separate bonds
I. Organic Compounds
C. Carbon compounds can form in 3 different
Arrangements
1) Straight Chain
2) Branched chain
3) ring
I. Organic Compounds
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D. Formulas of carbon compounds:
1) Chemical formulas showing kind
and number of atoms using symbols
and subscripts
2) Structural formulas showing kind,
number and arrangement of atoms
Example: Acetone
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Chemical Formula:
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Structural formula:
C3H6O
I. Organic Compounds
3)
Carbon compounds with
the same chemical
formula but different
structural formulas are
called isomers
I. Organic Compounds
E. isomers
1) are different forms of the same
compound with different properties
and characteristics
2) There can be so many different
isomers of carbon because carbon can
form single, double and triple bonds.
Examples of Isomers
Butane:
C4H10
Types of Bonds
I. Organic Compounds
F. Polymers are very large molecules
made up of many smaller molecules
bonded together.
The smaller molecules are called
monomers
Polymers can be made by living things
(natural) or in factories (synthetic)
I. Organic Compounds
G. Organic compounds are formed mostly
from the elements carbon, and hydrogen
but can also include elements like
oxygen, nitrogen , phosphorus, sulfur,
and others
H. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds
formed from only hydrogen and carbon
II. Life with Carbon
Organic compounds made by living things are ver
large molecules. They are:
1) Carbohydrates: made of different types
of simple sugars blended together;
used for energy
A)Simple carbohydrates are substances
like glucose
B) Complex carbohydrates are substances
like starches and cellulose
Simple and Complex Carbohydrates
II. Life with Carbon
2) Proteins are polymers made of amino
acids.
used to build and repair body parts and
regulate cell activity
3) Lipids:(fats) are made of fatty acids and
do not dissolve in water
used to store energy
II. Life with Carbon
4) Nucleic Acids are very large
polymers made of nucleotides. There
are 2 types: DNA and RNA
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used to store information and help
build proteins
5) Smaller molecules required by living things
Vitamins - used to help in a variety of
chemical reactions
Water- used to dissolve nutrients and carry
them throughout the body
Minerals - used to form ions needed by
the body (not organic)
Salt- used to help muscles contract and
transmission of nerve impulses