Transcript Chapter 6 Section 3

Chapter 6 Section 3
Life Substances
Carbon in Organisms
 Carbon has the ability to bond to
itself and many other elements
 Carbon can form single, double or
triple bonds—pg. 157
 Carbon can form straight chains,
branched chains or rings
 The ability to bond many different
ways makes many different carbon
structures possible
 Carbon compounds vary greatly in
size
 All compounds containing carbon are
called ORGANCIC
 Large organic comounds-BIOMOLECULES
Polymers:
 A POLYMER is a large molecule
formed when many smaller molecules
bond together
 Ex: glucose and fructose
 Polymers are often formed through
condensation-removing a H to form
CARBOHYDRATE
 A biomolecule composed of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen w/a ratio of
about 2 H and 1O for every carbon
atom
 Simplest type of carbohydrate is a
MONOSACCHARIDE
Ex: glucose, sucrose, fructose,
POLYSACCHARIDES:
 These are the largest carbohydrate
molecules
 Composed of many monosaccharide
subunits
 Ex: glycogen, cellulose
 PG. 159-photos
LIPIDS
 Lipids are large biomolecules that are
made mostly of carbon and hydrogen
w/small amounts of oxygen
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ex: fats, oils, waxes and steroids
They are insoluble in water
Imp. For proper organism function
Explanation of SATURATED and
UNSATURATED fats—pg 160
PROTEINS
 A large, complex polymer composed
of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
 Essential to all life/provides structure
for tissues and organs
 Amino Acids—basic building blocks of
all proteins
 Proteins are bonded by PEPTIDE
BONDS
More on Proteins
 Proteins come in a variety of shapes
and sizes
 Some consist of 2 or more amino acid
chains held together by hydrogen
bonds
 Proteins are the building blocks of
many structural components of
organisms
Proteins
 Proteins are important in contracting
muscle tissue, transporting oxygen in
blood, providing immunity, regulating
other proteins, etc.
ENZYMES
 Proteins that change the rate of a
chemical reaction (speed up
reactions)
 Enzymes work in nearly all metabolic
processes
 Action of Enzymes—pg. 162