Transcript AP European History

AP European History
Art Work
• Strickland, Carol. The Annotated Mona Lisa:
A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric
to Post Modern. Kansas City: Andrews mcMeel
Publishing, 2007.
Italian Renaissance
• Rebirth
• Rediscovery of the art and literature of Greece
and Rome, scientific study of the body and
natural world, intent to reproduce the forms
of nature realistically
• Lifelike art
• Shift in interest from the supernatural to the
natural caused this change
• Use of oil on stretch canvas: greater range of
rich colors with smooth gradations, texture
was represented well and simulated 3-D
• Perspective: giving weight and depth to form
• Use of light and shadow
Masaccio
• First since Giotto to paint the human figure as
a real human being
The Tribute Money
lines converge behind Christ’s head
Donatello
• Free standing statues
• “David” first life size, free standing, nude since
the Classical period
• “Mary Magdalen” gaunt, shriveled, stringy
hair and hollowed eyes.
• Supposedly was so “real” Donatello shouted
“Speak, speak, or the plague take you!”
Botticelli
“Birth of Venus”
• High Renaissance: 1500-1520
• Used ideal proportions and perspective
Leonardo da Vinci
“Mona Lisa”
“The Last Supper”
Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel
“The Creation of Adam”
“The Last Judgment”
Raphael
“The School of Athens”
Renaissance Architecture
• Recovered the magnificence of ancient Rome
• Alberti
• Down played art’s religious purpose and urged
artists to study history, poetry and
mathemathics.
• Wrote the first guide to perspective and gave
rules for ideal human proportions
• 4 rules to architecture: Rome, rules, reason
(use of science and engineering), ‘rithmetic
(Golden Ratio)
• Brunelleschi
• Father of modern engineering
• Central-plan church design
Dome for the Duomo of Florence
Van Eyck
“Arnolfini Wedding”
Albrecht Durer
“Self Portrait”
high opinion of himself and exalted status of the artist
Mannerism
• Between High Renaissance and Baroque,
1520-1600, art was no as important
• Exaggeration of ideal beauty that was
presented by the Ren. Artists
• Style is so predictable
• Bodies distorted, elongated, grossly muscular,
unreal lighting
El Greco
“Resurrection”
Tintoretto
“The Last Supper”
Baroque 1600-1750
• Emotional, drama, intensity
• Studied classical antiquity and high
renaissance that included their own personal
spin
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Caravaggio
Most original painter of 17th century
Bodies painted in “down and dirty” style
Secularized religious art
Saints looked like ordinary people
“The Calling of St. Matthew”
• Artemisia Gentileschi
• First female artist that was widely known and
appreciated
• Depicted feminist subjects
• Was raped at 19, put on humiliating trial where she
was tortured and forced to recant; attacker acquitted
• Many paintings show women who wreck violence
against men
• Who is Holofernes? General of Nebuchadnezzar
(Babylonian Empire) that unleashed violence on areas
that rejected Nebuch, forcing people to accept Nebuch.
As their new god.
“Judith and Maidservant with the
Head of Holofernes”
Bernini
“The Ecstasy of St. Theresa”
Theresa saw visions and believed an angel had pierced her with a dart and infusing
her with divine love
Bermini: St. Peter’s Cathedral
four spiral columns, four bronze angels, mix of colors and forms
gives a theatrical effect
Rembrandt: subtle shading implies extraordinary emotional
depth
“The Nightwatch”
Vermeer: defined forms through light not lines
“The Kitchenmaid”
• Diego Velazquez
• No outlines are visible in his portraits, he used
fluid brushstrokes by applying spots of lighting
and color
• Precursor to Impressionism
• His painting “Las Meninas” or “The Maids of
Honor” was voted world’s greatest painting in
1985 by artists and critics
Rococo architecture 1760-1800
• Playful, alive with energy
• Woodwork, painted panels, enormous wall
mirrors
• Sinuous (have many turns, bends, winding)
and curves, ribbonlike scrolls
• Light graceful and delicate
• White, silver, gold, light pinks, blues and
greens
The Mirror Room designed by Francois de Cuvilles, in Amalienburg,
Germany (used as hunting lodge for HRE Charles VII)
Pilgrimage Church of
St. Peter and St. Paul in Germany
Neoclassicism 1780-1820
• Order, calm, rational
• Greek and Roman history, mythology
• Drawing with lines, not color, no trace of
brushstrokes
• Morally uplifting, inspirational
Jacques-Louis David
“The Death of Marat”
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
“Portrait of the Princesse de Broglie”
Romantic 1800-1850
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Intuition, emotion, imagination
Medieval, middle and Far East
Spontaneous, nonconformist
Unrestrained, deep, rich shades
Legends, nature, violence, heroic struggle,
landscapes, wild animals
• Quick brushstrokes, strong light and shade
constrasts
• Use of diagonal
Francisco de Goya
“The Third of May, 1808”
Realism 1850-1950
• Brought sense of sobriety to art
• Visual reality
• Precise imitation of visual perceptions without
alteration
• Artists limited themselves to facts of the modern
world as they personally experienced them
• Gods, goddesses and heroes of antiquity were
out
• Peasants and urban working class were in
Daumier
“The Third Class Carriage”
Vermeer
“Girl With Pearl Earring”
Impressionism 1860s-1886
A.K.A. Victorian Artwork
• Radically departed from tradition
• Immediate visual sensations through color
and light
• Goal was to present an impression or initial
sensory perceptions recorded by an artist in a
brief glimpse
• Short, choppy brushstrokes
• Shows men dominated, social hierarchy
How to tell the artists apart
• Manet: Painted contemporary scenes with hard
edge, dark patches against light, used black as
accent
• Monet: landscapes, sunny hues, pure primary
colors dabbed side by side, soft edges, disolves
form into light
• Renoir: Voluptuous, peach-skinned female
nudes, people, flowers, rich reds, detested black
(liked blues), quick brushstrokes, blurred figures
Manet
“The Railway”
Manet
“Bar at the Folies-Bergere”
Monet
“Water Lilies”
Renoir
“La Moulin da la Galette”
Renoir
“La Loge”
Degas
“The Glass of Absinthe”
Post Impressionism 1880-1905
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French phenomenon
Derived from their forerunners’ breakthroughs
Used rainbow-bright color patches
Wanted art to be more substantial, not
dedicated to capturing a passing moment
• Makes their paintings seem slapped together
or unplanned
Van Gogh
“The Starry Night”
Seurat
“A Sunday on La Grande Jatte”
Expressionism 20th century
Munch
“The Scream”
Cubism 20th century
• Avant-garde (experimental or innovative) art
movement
• Objects are broken up and reassembled
• Intersection at random angles
Picasso
“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Picasso
“Guernica”
destruction of the Basque capital of Guernica by Nazi planes by orders of
Francisco Franco
Abstract Expressionism post WWII
• Visual perception of object and their
relationship with the enveloping space
• Comments on the nature of humankind
Giacometti
“Man Pointing”