Transcript PP-Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis
Learning Targets
Summarize the process of transcription.
Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read.
Summarize the process of translation.
Review!
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Proteins are polymers made up of 20
different amino acids (a.a.)
Review!

Proteins have MANY different functions
Enzymes to help control/speed up chemical
reactions
 Help to build and repair cell structures
 Determine the structure & function of living
organisms
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Review!

DNA contains the sequence of nucleotides
that codes for the synthesis of proteins.
 DNA
is found in the nucleus
 Proteins are made on ribosomes out in the
cytoplasm
 HOW
CAN INFORMATION FROM THE
NUCLEUS GET TO THE RIBOSOME?
RNA! – mRNA is used to move
information from the DNA to
ribosomes (TRANSCRIPTION!)
Translation

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The process of
converting the
information in the
nitrogen base
sequence of
mRNA into a
sequence of amino
acids that make up
proteins
Occurs in the
RIBOSOMES
Translation
1. mRNA attaches and
passes through a
ribosome
2. First codon on
mRNA moves into
position
3. tRNA (transfer RNA)
starts bringing the
appropriate amino
acids to ribosome
Translation
4. ANTICODON of
the tRNA matches
to the correct
codon on mRNA
5. mRNA slides
along ribosome to
next codon
Translation
6. A new tRNA
molecule with the
next amino acid
pairs with mRNA
codon
7. When the 1st and
2nd amino acids
are in place, a
PEPTIDE BOND
forms between
them – creating a
protein
Translation
8. Transfer RNA released
to pick up amino acid to
be recycled
9. Process continues until
a “stop” codon is
reached & a chain of
amino acids is formed =
PROTEIN
Protein Synthesis Animation
Let’s Review…again!

Transcription and Translation Simulation
Decode the following
If the coding DNA strand contained the
following sequence: TAC CGA TTG ACT
 What would the mRNA strand be?
AUG GCU AAC UGA
 What would the tRNA sequence be?
UAC CGA UUG ACU
 What would the amino acid sequence be?
(base it on the mRNA strand!)
methionine, alanine, asparagine, “stop”
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