Transcript Chemical Compounds in Cells pg. 74-78

Chemical Compounds in Cells
pg. 74-78
Instructions for One Pager
Each group will be assigned a topic from this
section of the textbook.
You will have 15-20 mins to read the section,
brainstorm ideas, and complete a One Pager
on your topic.
Instructions for One Pager
You will present your One Pagers to the class
and teach your classmates about your topic.
You may use your textbook/notes to complete
the one pager.
One Pager
Must include all of the following:
• Title of topic
• Picture that relates to the topic
• 5 keywords connected/related to topic
• 2 complete sentences from the textbook that
explains the topic.
• Slogan/motto to help us remember your topic.
Example of One Pager
Chemical Compounds in Cells
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Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipid
Nucleic acid
compound
1. You and the world around you, including
cells in your body, are composed of tiny
particles.
2. Some of these particles are elements and
some are compounds.
“All of the kings & queens are made up of carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, and
proteins.”
Chemical Compounds in Cells
pg. 74-78
Topics:
• Elements/Compounds
• Compound Called Water
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
• Organic/Inorganic Compounds
Elements
An element is any substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances.
• The smallest unit of an element is called an atom.
• An example of elements, can be found on the period
table.
• Examples: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphous, sulfur
Compounds
When two or more elements combine chemically,
they form a compound.
• The smallest unit of a compound is called a
molecule.
• Example :water; it consists of two hydrogen
elements and one oxygen element = H2O
Compound Called Water
• Most chemical reactions within cells could not
take place without water.
• Water helps keep their size and shape and
keeps temperature of cells from changing
rapidly.
Inorganic/Organic Compounds
Many of the compounds found in living things
contain the element carbon.
Most compounds that contain carbon are called
organic compounds.
• Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are
important groups of organic compounds in living things.
Compounds that do not contain the element carbon
are called inorganic compounds.
Carbohydrates
A carbohydrates is an energy-rich organic compound
made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
• Sugars and starches are examples of carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates are important components of some cell
parts, including cell walls and cell membranes.
Lipids
Lipids are energy-rich organic compounds made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Fats, oils, and waxes are lipids.
• Lipids contain more energy than carbohydrates.
• Cells store energy in lipids for later use.
Proteins
Proteins are large organic molecules made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some
cases, sulfur.
• Protein molecules are made up of smaller molecules
called amino acids.
• Proteins make up much of the structure of cells.
An enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a
chemical reaction in a living thing.
• Without enzymes, many chemical reactions that are
necessary for life would either take too long or not
occur at all.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are very long organic molecules made of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
• Nucleic acids contain the instructions that cells need to carry
out all functions of life.
There are two kinds of nucleic acids : DNA and RNA
• Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, is the genetic material that carries
information about an organisms that is passed from parent to
offspring and directs all of the cell’s functions.
• Ribonucleic acid, RNA, plays an important role in the
production of protein.
• RNA is found in the cytoplasm as well as in nucleus.
Key Concept #1
What are elements and compunds?
Elements are substances that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances.
Ex: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen
Compounds are two or more elements that are
combined chemically
Ex: carbon dioxide (1 carbon, 2 oxygens)
water ( 2 hydrogens, 1 oxygen)
Key Concept #2
How is water important to the
function of cells?
Most chemical reactions within cells could not
take place without water.
– Water keeps size/shape of cell & temperature of
cells.
Key Concept #3
What are the main kinds of organic
molecules in living things?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
are important groups of organic compounds
found in living things.
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